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ACLAM Exam 2023 > Secondary and Tertiary Species - Pertinent Biology and Husbandry > Flashcards

Secondary and Tertiary Species - Pertinent Biology and Husbandry Flashcards

1
Q

Mongolian gerbil species name

A

Meriones unguiculatus

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2
Q

Gerbil research uses

A

Cerebral infarction following unilateral ligation of common carotid artery
Epilepsy - spontaneous
Auditory
Parasitic infection (esp. filarial nematodes Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi)
Rift valley fever

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3
Q

Gerbil ventral abdominal marking gland is androgen _______

A

Dependent

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4
Q

Gerbil adrenal gland comparative anatomy

A

3x size of rat adrenal in consideration of body weight

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5
Q

Gerbil gestation period

A

24-26 days (prolonged if lactating up to 27 days; if bred post-partum can be delayed 48 days)

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6
Q

Gerbil mating structure

A

Pair bonding (true monogamous?)

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7
Q

Gerbil weaning age

A

25 days (as early as 21d)

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8
Q

Gerbil response to >4% dietary fat

A

Hypercholesterolemia

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9
Q

Gerbil substrate husbandry requirement

A

Sand bathing

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10
Q

Gerbil oxyurid

A

Dentostomella translucida

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11
Q

Gerbil estrus cycle length

A

4-6 days

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12
Q

Guinea pig scientific name

A

Cavia porcellus

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13
Q

Guinea pig number of digits on feet

A

4 on forefeet
3 on hind feet

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14
Q

Guinea pig number of mammary gland pairs

A

1 (inguinal)

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15
Q

Guinea pig diploid number

A

2n=64

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16
Q

Guinea pig daily food consumption

A

6g/100g body weight

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17
Q

Guinea pig daily water consumption

A

10 mL/100g body weight

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18
Q

Guinea pig unique leukocyte

A

Foa-Kurloff cell
Estradiol dependent
Primarily in thymus, spleen, liver, lungs
Increased numbers in circulation in pregnancy + present in placenta (roll in preventing maternal rejection?)
NK activity
Large mucopolysaccharide intracytoplasmic inclusion body

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19
Q

Guinea pig response to corticosteroid injections

A

Relatively resistant; numbers of lymphocytes not markedly reduced
Similar to ferret and primates

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20
Q

Guinea pig thymic anatomy

A

Accessory thymic islets in fascia - hard to remove completely surgically
No afferent lymphatic vessels

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21
Q

Guinea pig dental formula

A

1/0/1/3

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22
Q

Guinea pig tooth roots

A

All are hypsodontic

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23
Q

Guinea pig palatal ostium

A

Access to esophagus and trachea; small; makes intubation challenging

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24
Q

Guinea pig respiratory

A

Airyway hyperresponsiveness resembles human

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25
Q

Guinea pig stomach anatomy

A

100% glandular
Undivided
Unlike other rodents (who normally have a limiting ridge and non-glandular portion)

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26
Q

Guinea pig coronary artery anatomy

A

Well developed intercoronary collateral network - difficult to induce caridac infarct with acute coronary artery occlusion

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27
Q

Preyer reflex

A

Cocking of the pinnae in response to a sharp sound
Guinea pigs used as measurement of hearing function

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28
Q

Guinea pig response to hypohysectomy

A

Does not alter the growth rate, unlike other species

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29
Q

Hormone responsible for growth in the guinea pig

A

Somatomedins insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-II
Not growth hormone dependent

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30
Q

Guinea pig estrus cycle length

A

15-17 days

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31
Q

Guinea pig gestation

A

59-72 days (average 68)

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32
Q

Guinea pig postpartum estrus?

A

Yes - 60-80% fertile

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33
Q

Guinea pig weaning age

A

14-28 days

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34
Q

Guinea pig accessory sex glands

A

Seminal vesicles, prostate, coagulating (Cowpers) gland, bulbourethral gland, preputial glands (rudimentary)

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35
Q

Guinea pig penis anatomy

A

Os penis

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36
Q

Guinea pig inguinal anatomy

A

Inguinal canals open for life; testes remain in inguinal pouches

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37
Q

Guinea pig cervix anatomy

A

Single os cervix

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38
Q

Guinea pig vagina anatomy

A

Vaginal closure membrane ruptures before estrus and reforms after ovulation

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39
Q

Guinea pig age of pubic symphysis calcification

A

6-9 months

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40
Q

Method of estrus synchronization in guinea pigs

A

Progesterone administration; no synchronization with group housing

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41
Q

Guinea pig placentation

A

Labryinthine hemonochorial

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42
Q

Hormone responsible for loosening of fibrocartilaginous pubic symphysis

A

Relaxin

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43
Q

Guinea pig nesting behavior

A

None

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44
Q

Guinea pig neonate appearance

A

Precocious

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45
Q

Method of superovulation in guinea pigs

A

Injection of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and active immunization against the inhibin alpha-subunit

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46
Q

Guinea pig deficiency in enzyme for vitamin C and function

A

L-gulonolactone oxidase
Converts L-gulonolactone in to L-ascorbate and L-dehydroascorbic acid

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47
Q

Hamster dental formula

A

1/0/0/3 x2

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48
Q

Syrian hamster which gender is larger

A

Female

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49
Q

Syrian hamster original research purpose

A

Leishmania research

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50
Q

Syrian hamster chemical induction of neoplasia

A

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma - nitrosamines
Nonsmall cell lung carcinoma - NNK (4-methylnitrosamino-1-3-pyridyl-q-butanone
Renal tumor - estrogen in males

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51
Q

Syrian hamster biologic administration induction of neoplasia

A

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma - PGHAM-1 cell line
Multiple tumor types - SV40 virus

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52
Q

Hamster permits replication of what human virus

A

Adenoviruses

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53
Q

Hamster neonate incisor eruption

A

Present at birth

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54
Q

Hamster pup ears open

A

Day 4-5

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55
Q

Hamster pup eyes open

A

Day 14-16

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56
Q

Syrian hamster weaning age

A

21 days

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57
Q

Day of gestation optimal for teratogen studies in syrian hamster

A

Day 8

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58
Q

Syrian hamster diploid chromosome number

A

2n=44

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59
Q

Syrian hamster daily water consumption

A

30 mL/day

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60
Q

Syrian hamster daily food consumption

A

10-15 g/day

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61
Q

Syrian hamster gestation

A

15-18 days

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62
Q

Syrian hamster puberty

A

Males: 6-8 weeks
Females: 8-12 weeks (but then says 6-8 weeks in text?)

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63
Q

Syrian hamster cheek pouch anatomy

A

Rich in mast cells
High vascular - branches of external carotid artery
Stratified squamous epithelium
Lack an intact lymphatic drainage pathway - “immunologically privileged”

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64
Q

Syrian hamster stomach anatomy

A

2 distinct compartments - glandular and nonglandular separated by incisurae of greater and lesser curvatures
Nonglandular portion functions similar to ruminant

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65
Q

Syrian hamster pancreatic duct empties to…

A

Common bile duct (similar to mice/rats; dissimilar to other mammals)

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66
Q

Syrian hamster development of reproductive and urogenital tracts

A

Develop from same embryonic germinal ridge
Makes kidneys highly responsive to estrogen

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67
Q

Syrian hamster adrenal gland dimorphism

A

Males > females
Males have greater number of reticular cells in cortex

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68
Q

Syrian hamster immunoglobulins

A

IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE
IgG exists as IgG1, IgG2, IgG3
IgD not defined

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69
Q

Syrian hamster harderian gland function

A

Lubricates eyes and eyelids
Site of immune response
Source of thermoregulatory lipids and pheromones
Photoprotective
Part of retinal-pineal axis

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70
Q

Syrian hamster harderian gland sexual dimorphism

A

Females secrete more porphyrin than males
Androgen-dependent, seasonal variation
Not reported in other hamster species

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71
Q

Syrian flank gland sexual dimorphism

A

Prominent in males; not easily identified in females

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72
Q

Syrian hamster flank gland type of gland

A

Sebaceous
Androgen-responsive

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73
Q

Mineral requirements increased for syrian hamster

A

Zinc, copper, potassium

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74
Q

Syrian hamster consequence of switching from natural ingredient to semipurified diet

A

Colocolonic intussusception within 7-10 days

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75
Q

Syrian hamster response to corticosteroids

A

More sensitive than other species

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76
Q

Syrian hamster response to morphine

A

No sedative or hypnotic effects

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77
Q

Syrian hamster antibiotics that cause c. diff

A

Lincomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin
Ampicillin, cephalosporins, penicillin
Gentamicin, vancomycin

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78
Q

Syrian hamster estrus cycle

A

4 days

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79
Q

Syrian hamster day of postovulatory discharge

A

day 2 of cycle

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80
Q

Syrian hamster when to mate after postovulatory discharge

A

Evening of the third day after postovulatory discharge

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81
Q

Syrian hamster postpartum estrus

A

Estrus cycle does not normally resume until 1-8 days following parturition
(Anovulatory postpartum estrus)

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82
Q

Syrian hamster breeding photoperiod

A

14:10

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83
Q

Syrian hamster amyloidosis sex predeliction

A

Females predisposed to acquire, with increased severity and earlier onset
Females have 100-200x greater amyloid P (AP) levels than males

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84
Q

Syrian hamster atrial thrombosis sex predeliction

A

Males and females equally affected
Females develop condition at earlier age

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85
Q

Cat retroviruses

A

FIV (Lentivirus)
FeLV (Gammaretrovirus)
Feline Foamy Virus (Spumavirus)

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86
Q

Cat spinal cord

A

Similar in length (34 cm) and anatomy to humans

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87
Q

Cat affiliative behaviors more common in what gender

A

Females

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88
Q

Time of cat quarantine from non-SPF sources

A

At least 6 weeks

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89
Q

Cat puberty onset

A

5-9 months (female)
8-13 months (males)

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90
Q

Cat estrus cycle

A

Seasonally polyestrus
Season = Jan/Feb to September in northern hemisphere

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91
Q

Cat light cycle for maximum fertility

A

14:10
Cats are extremely sensitive to photoperiod

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92
Q

Cat criticial photoperiod length for reproductive cycling

A

At least 10 hours of light per 24 hours

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93
Q

Cat mating scheme

A

Polygamous

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94
Q

Cat reproductive rest period

A

Not required, but can enhance reproductive efficacy
4-6 weeks of short (8h light) days per year

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95
Q

Blood type _____ toms should not be bred to blood type _______ queens to prevent ____________

A

A
B
Neonatal isoerythrolysis

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96
Q

Cat dietary requirements

A

Taurine
Arginine
Arachidomic acid
Vitamins A, D, many B vits

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97
Q

Tarsier genus and anatomic features

A

Tarsius
Nocturnal
Large eyes, mobile ears
Toilet claws
Two-part mandible
No naked rhinarium, no dental comb
Upright incisors, dry, furry nose
Hemochorial placenta

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98
Q

Lesser ape anatomic features

A

True brachiators
Lack external tail
Family: Hylobatidae
Gibbons and siamangs

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99
Q

Marmoset genus

A

Callithrix
Callimico

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100
Q

Tamarin genus

A

Saguinus
Leontopithecus

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101
Q

CITES I Marmosets

A

Callimico goeldii (Goeldi’s marmoset)
Callithrix aurita (Buffy-tufted marmoset)
Callithrix flaviceps (buffy-headed marmoset)

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102
Q

CITES I Tamarins

A

All Leontopithecus (lion tamarins)
Saguinus bicolor (pied tamarin)
Saguinus geoffroyi (Geoffroy’s tamarin)
Saguinus leucopus (white-footed/silvery-brown tamarin)
Saguinus martinsi (martin’s/bare-faced tamarin)
Saguinus oedipus (cotton-top tamarin)

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103
Q

CITES I squirrel monkeys

A

Saimiri oerstedii (Central American squirrel monkey)

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104
Q

Prosimian nose

A

Naked, moist snout
Rhinarium
Fissured, fixed upper lip (i.e. dogs and cats)

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105
Q

Prosimian distinguishing anatomy

A

Toilet claw on second digit of the foot
Toothcomb - formed from lower incisors
Sublingual structure for cleaning toothcomb

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106
Q

Prosimian dental formula

A

2/1/3/3 x2 (except Indridae)

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107
Q

Prosimian placentation

A

Epitheliochorial
Except Tarsiidae - hemochorial

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108
Q

Platyrrhine anatomic features

A

Broadly spaced, laterally flared nares
No cheek pouches or ischial callosities

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109
Q

Platyrrhine reproductive features

A

Estrous cycles
(except Cebus - menstruate)
Hemochorial placenta

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110
Q

Platyrrhine behavioral features

A

Diurnal (except Aotus)
Arboreal

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111
Q

Platyrrhine dietary requirements

A

Required vitamin D3; D2 is not bioavailable
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)

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112
Q

Cebidae dental formula

A

(Cabus [capuchin] + saimirii [squirrel monkeys]
2/1/3/3 x2

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113
Q

Callithrichidae dental formula

A

2/1/3/2

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114
Q

old world primate dental formula

A

2/1/2/3

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115
Q

Instead of nails, callitrichidae have _________ on their digits

A

Claws or falcula

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116
Q

Callitrcihidae opposable digits

A

Hallux - first digit of each foot. Has special nail.
Thumb is NOT opposable

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117
Q

Location and type of gland - callitrichidae circumgenital gland

A

Labia majora and pudendum in female, scrotum in males
Sebaceous glands overlying enlarged apocrine glands
Scent-marking

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118
Q

Location and type of gland - callitrchidae sternal gland

A

Anterior chest
Apocrine glands
Scent-marking

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119
Q

Difference in teeth between marmoset and tamarin

A

Maromset - incisors same length as canine
Tamarin - longer canine teeth

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120
Q

Composition of callithrix jacchus groups

A

May be multimale-multifemale, one male-multifemale, or one female-multimale
Typically, only one breeding pair per group reproduce (but all members contribute to rearing)

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121
Q

Composition of tamarin group

A

Multimale-multifemale social structure
Polyandry mating system - multiple males copulate with with reproductively dominant female
Polygyny and monogamy may also occur

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122
Q

Callitrchidae diet composition

A

Omnivores
Significant time spent consuming tree exudates/gums

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123
Q

Callithrix estrus cycle

A

28.6 days

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124
Q

Callithrix postpartum estrus

A

Present - no lactational anestrus
Ovulation occurs 9-11 days following parturition

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125
Q

Saguinus estrus cycle

A

22.7-25.7 days, depending on species (Generally shorter than callithrix)

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126
Q

Saguinus postpartum estrus

A

None

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127
Q

Callithrix jacchus gestation period

A

148 days

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128
Q

Callithrix jacchus age at sexual maturity

A

477 days (female)
382 days (male)

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129
Q

Saguinus gestation period

A

Generally, 140-170 days
S. oedipus: 168 days
S. fuscicollis: 150-155
S. labiatus/mystax: 140-150

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130
Q

Saguinus oedipus age at sexual maturity

A

550 days (1,5 years)

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131
Q

Female callitrchids are ____________ and ______________ is the rule, but other numbers of young may also be born

A

Polyovulatory
Dizygotic twinning

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132
Q

What occurs in callitrchidae due to placental vascular anastamoses

A

Blood chimerism

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133
Q

How do female callitrchidae avoid becoming freemartins in utero

A

EFfective aromatizing enxyme system
Coverts androgens to estrone

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134
Q

Callithrix wean age

A

Lactation for 65-90 days
Completely weaned by 100 days

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135
Q

Condition in marmosets associated with standard dietary iron in new world primate diets

A

hepatic hemosiderosis

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136
Q

Anatomic difference between callithrix jacchus ibd and saguinus oedipus ibd

A

C. jacchus - small intestine - villous atrophy
S. oedipus - large intestine - crypt abscessation; model of human ulcerative colitis

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137
Q

Callithrix jacchus diploid chromosome number

A

2n=46

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138
Q

Aotus behavior

A

Nocturnal
Arboreal
Monogamous, males participate in infant rearing

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139
Q

Aotus ocular anatomy

A

Retinal fovea (similar to diurinal species)
Lack tapetum lucidum (similar to diurnal species)
Large, more spherical lens (different to diurnal species)
Decreased # of cones compared to other primates with increased # of rods

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140
Q

Aotus metabolic rate

A

Lower than predicted for mammal its size

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141
Q

Saimiri metabolic rate

A

Higher than predicted for size

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142
Q

Aotus diploid chromosome

A

2n=46-56
Can have karyotypic variation without infertility

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143
Q

Aotus sexual dimorphism

A

Lack - difficult to phenotypically differentiate sex

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144
Q

Aotus scent marking

A

Apocrine glands on face and brow, sternal, subcaudal gland in perianal region
Also drink mates urine and do urine washing

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145
Q

Aotus estrus cycle length

A

15-18 days
A. azarai slightly longer, 22 days

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146
Q

Aotus gestation length

A

117, 121, 133, 148-159
Highly variable based on species

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147
Q

Aotus postpartum estrus

A

None

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148
Q

Aotus reproductive seasonality

A

None in captivity
May-September birth seasonality in wild

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149
Q

Aotus number of infants per birth

A

Singleton
Twinning very rare

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150
Q

Aotus driver of leaving natal group

A

NOT aggression
No increase in aggression as offspring go through puberty

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151
Q

Aotus room temperature

A

75-80

152
Q

New world primate nest box sanitation schedule

A

In general, every other week
OPPOSITE schedule to cage change/sanitation

153
Q

Saimiri sexual dimorphism

A

Present (less so than OWP)
Males are 35-30% heavier
Males have larger, longer canines
Females >5 years have black spot in peri-auricular region

154
Q

Squirrel monkey diploid chromosome number

A

2n=44

155
Q

Squirrel monkey group composition

A

Large multimale, multifemale groups
Most species males leave natal group at puberty
S. oerstedii - females leave natal group, males remain

156
Q

Saimiri breeding seasonality

A

December to March in Northern hemisphere - breeding season
Males undero fatting prior to breeding season

157
Q

Saimiri estrus cycle

A

9.5 days during breeding season

158
Q

Saimiri gestation length

A

150 days

159
Q

Saimiri peak corticotropin-releasing hormone

A

Mid-gestation (45-70 days)
Other species, peak is just prior to parturition

160
Q

Factors that contribute to reduced saimiri reproduction

A

Early abortion (if abortion occurs, may not have another chance to conceive before breeding season ends)
High incidence of dystocia and stillbirths (fetus is 18% of nonpregnant weight of dam)

161
Q

Saimiri parturition

A

Occurs in summer
Infant actively participates in delivery

162
Q

Saimiri infant care

A

Males do not participate
Allomothering does occur

163
Q

Saimiri dietary requirements

A

D3 and C (as other NWP)
High requirement for folic acid

164
Q

Largest old world NHP

A

Baboons

165
Q

Baboon sexual dimorphism

A

Marked
Males can be 2x female size
Females have separation between two ischial callosities, males are fused below anus

166
Q

Scientific name olive baboons

A

Papio anubis

167
Q

Scientific name yellow baboons

A

Papio cyanocephalus

168
Q

Scientific name chacma baboons

A

Papio usinus

169
Q

Scientific name hamadyras baboons

A

Papio hamadryas

170
Q

Dental formula baboon

A

2/1/2/3

171
Q

Savannah baboon social structure

A

Large multimale multifemale groups
Females remain with natal group, males disperse
Linear dominance hierarchy

172
Q

Savannah baboon male-male interactions are usually _______

A

More aggressive than affiliative

173
Q

Baboon reproductive seasonality

A

Non-seasonal

174
Q

Baboon sexual maturity

A

4-5 years (female)
5-7 years (male)

175
Q

Hamadryas baboon social structure

A

One male social unit
Male is focus of attention
Clan = several one-male units that associate
Band = several clans

176
Q

Baboon menstrual cycle length

A

29 days (captive) to 40 days (wild P. anubis)

177
Q

Baboon gestation length

A

180 days

178
Q

Baboon wean age

A

6 months

179
Q

African green monkey scientific name

A

Chlorocebus aethiops

180
Q

African green diploid chromosome number

A

2n=60

181
Q

African green dental formula

A

2/1/2/3

182
Q

African green social structure

A

Multimale multifemale groups
Philopatry - females remain in natal groups, males migrate out
Matrilinear dominance hierarchy

183
Q

Chlorocebus threat gesture

A

Eyelid display
Brow contraction that reveals pale skin of eyelids

184
Q

African green sexual maturity

A

3 years (Female)
5-6 years (Male)

185
Q

African green breeding seasonality

A

Seasonal, but what that season is is debated

186
Q

African green menstural cycle

A

30-32 days

187
Q

African green visual indicator of fertility

A

None
Unique for a cercopithecine living in multimale groups
May decrease infanticide

188
Q

African green gestation

A

163-165 days

189
Q

Chimpanzee dental formula

A

2/1/2/3

190
Q

Year of NIH Chimp breeding moritorium

A

1995

191
Q

Chimpanzee species name

A

Pan troglodytes

192
Q

Chimpanzee diploid chromosome number

A

2n=48

193
Q

Chimpanzee social structure

A

Male dominated fission-fusion groups
Male philopatry
Females emigrate from natal group

194
Q

Chimpanzee menstrual cycle length

A

37 days

195
Q

Chimpanzee gestation length

A

227-235 days
7.5-8 month

196
Q

Chimpanzee CITES

A

All Pan species are CITES I

197
Q

NIH-funded required chimpanzee husbandry (Recommendations on the Use of Chimpanzees in NIH-Supported Research)

A

Social groups of at least 7 individuals
20 feet vertical space
250 ft2 floor space per animal

198
Q

Chimpanzee recommended immunizations

A

Polio at 1 year
Rabies at 2 years and boostered q3 years
MMR at 1 year and boostered annually
Tetanus at 1 year and boostered q5 years

199
Q

Baboon recommended immunizations

A

RAbies at 1 year and boostered q3 years
Tetanus at 1 year and boostered q5 years

200
Q

Marmoset recommended immunizations

A

MMR at 1 year and boostered annually

201
Q

Cave Nectar Bat species name

A

Eonycteris spelaea

202
Q

NHP prone to aortic aneurysm

A

Owl monkey

203
Q

Japanese medaka scientific name

A

Oryzias latipes

204
Q

Xenopus laevis diploid chromosome number

A

2n=36

205
Q

Xenopus tropicalis diploid chromosome number

A

2n=20

206
Q

Skin glands present in amphibians

A

Mucous glands
Granular glands - compounds (e.g. parotid gland of toads)

207
Q

Amphibian urostyle composed of what bones

A

Postsacral vertebrae

208
Q

Primary respiratory organ in most amphibians

A

Skin

209
Q

Heart anatomy in amphibians

A

Larvae often have two chambered heart (like fish)
Adults often have 3-chambered heart

210
Q

Xenopus laevis temperature

A

21-22 C

211
Q

X laevis sexual dimorphism

A

Females larger than males
Females have large cloacal papillae
Males have nuptial pads on inner forearm

212
Q

X laevis tongue anatomy

A

No tongue

213
Q

X laevis breathing

A

Primarily lungs - skin respiration not as well developed as other amphibians
Even larvae use lungs in addition to gills for breathing

214
Q

X laevis vision

A

Adapted for air vision rather than water
Eyes are dorsally located and lidless, convex cornea
Lack eyelids

215
Q

X laevis metamorphosis age

A

2 months

216
Q

X laevis sexual maturity

A

8 months

217
Q

X laevis hatching

A

3 days after spawning

218
Q

X laevis tadpole stocking density

A

50 tadpoles/L
5 metamorphosizing tadpoles/L

219
Q

X laevis aseptic skin prep

A

Sterile saline
Skin contains antimicrobial agents
Can use dilute benzalkonium chloride or chlorhexidine (sparingly)
Cannot use soaps/scrubs

220
Q

Red swamp crayfish species name

A

Procambarus clarkii

221
Q

Etruscan shrew scientific name

A

Suncus etruscus

222
Q

rainbow trout species name

A

Oncorhynchus mykiss

223
Q

australian river gizzard shad species name

A

Nematalosa erebi

224
Q

Ferret scientific name

A

Mustela putorius furo

225
Q

Mustela nigripes

A

Black footed ferret
CITES I

226
Q

Ferrets with a blaze or white head can suffer from what?

A

Waardenburg syndrome
Deafness

227
Q

Ferret recommended temperature range

A

39.2 - 64.4 F
4-18C

228
Q

Breeding and lactating jill light cycle

A

16 hours of light
(16:8)

229
Q

Long-term breeding of ferrets requires “wintering” - what light cycle and for how long?

A

14 h of dark daily
(10:14)

230
Q

Ferret daily food consumption

A

43 g/kg body weight

231
Q

Ferret daily water consumption

A

75-100 mL

232
Q

Ferret trachea is proportionally __________

A

long

233
Q

Ferret lung capacity relative to predicted value based on body size

A

Much larger - 3x

234
Q

Ferret bronchial anatomy

A

High degree of bronchial branching
Extensive bronchial submucosal glands

235
Q

Ferret sweat glands

A

Lack well-developed sweat glands
Have plenty of stinky sebaceous glands

236
Q

Site for ferret extramedullary hematopoiesis

A

Spleen - common

237
Q

Ferret erythrocyte antibodies

A

Not documented - makes blood transfusion easy

238
Q

Male ferret penis anatomy

A

Os penis

239
Q

Ferret diploid chromosome number

A

40

240
Q

Ferret dental formula

A

3/1/(4/3)/(1/2)

241
Q

Ferret gestation

A

40-44 (42+/-2)

242
Q

Ferret eyes open age

A

34 days

243
Q

Ferret hearing onset age

A

32 days

244
Q

Ferret weaning age

A

6-8 weeks

245
Q

Ferret CBC features

A

Robust erythron (HCT, HGB, RBC > dog/cat)
Neutrophil and lymphocyte are relatively “tied” for most numerous WBC

246
Q

Ferret urinalysis features

A

Low-grade proteinuria normal

247
Q

Predisposing factor for urolithiasis in ferrets

A

Very high levels of plant protein

248
Q

Ferret metabolism of B-carotene

A

Convert b-carotene to vitamin A in the gut and absorb b-carotene intact
Similar to humans

249
Q

Ferret seasonality

A

Long-day breeders (March-July in Northern hemisphere)
Hobs return to season 1-2 months before jills

250
Q

Result of transferring jills from short to long photoperiod prior to 90 days of age

A

Persistent anestrous

251
Q

Difference in estrus serum FSH between rodent and ferret

A

Ferret: estrus is not associated with elevated serum FSH
Rodent: estrus is associated with elevated serum FSH

252
Q

How can estrus be terminated in ferrets

A

Cotius-induced ovulation and pregnancy
Pseudopregnancy after infertile mating
PHarmacologic termination (hCG or GnRH)
Death - estrogen aplastic anemia
Spontaneous regression/anestrus - reduced photoperiod

253
Q

Ferret maintenance of pregnancy

A

Corpus luteum
Anterior pituitary

254
Q

Ferret placentation

A

Endotheliochorial
Zonary

255
Q

Jill postpartum return to estrus

A

During or after lactation
Should be bred or chemically terminate estrus even if lactating

256
Q

Most common ferret neoplasm

A

insulinoma

257
Q

Sheep pathogen screening

A

Q fever (Coxiella burnetti - HHS select)
Contagious ecthyma (Orf)
Caseous lymphadenitis (Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis)
Johnes disease (Mycobacterium pseduotuberculosis)
Ovine progressive pneumonia (Lentivirus)
Parasites

258
Q

Goat pathogen screening

A

Q fever (Coxiela burnetti - HHS select)
Caprine arthritis and encephalitis (lentivirus)
Brucellosis
Tuberculosis
Johnes disease (mycobacterium pseudotuberculosis)
CAE, Orf, mycoplasma PRN

259
Q

Sheep, because of their wool, are ________ to temperature extremes

A

Remarkably tolerant to both hot and hold extremes

260
Q

Sheep/goat light intensity recommendation

A

220 lux

261
Q

Neonatal ruminant immune status

A

Immunocompetent

262
Q

Goat erythrocytes

A

Lack central pallor - flat, lack biconcavity

263
Q

Sheep are susceptible to what micronutrient toxicity

A

Copper
Cannot eat horse feed

264
Q

Sheep and goat reproductive seasonality

A

Seasonally polyestrus
Season with decreased day length (8:16)

265
Q

Sheep estrus cycle length

A

14-19 days

266
Q

Goat estrus cycle length

A

18-24 days

267
Q

Sheep gestation length

A

147-150 days

268
Q

Goat gestation length

A

144-155 days

269
Q

Ruminant placentation

A

Epitheliochorial
Cotyledonary

270
Q

Ungulate species that exhibits pseduopregnancy

A

Goats
Uncommon in ungulates

271
Q

Sheep number of neonates born

A

Twinning is common
Freemartin rare

272
Q

Goats number of neonates born

A

Twinning is common
Freemartinism more than sheep but less than cattle

273
Q

Ground squirrel genus name(s)

A

Urocitellus
Ictodomys
Spermophilus

274
Q

Ground squirrel circadian rhythm

A

Diurnal
Undergo hibernation

275
Q

Ground squirrel research use

A

Hibernation
Rattlesnake envenomation
Hepatitis B /HCC (Ground Squirrel hepatitis virus)
Cholesterol gallstone formation

276
Q

Black-tailed prarie dog species name

A

Cynomys ludovicianus

277
Q

Cynomys research use

A

Biliary physiology
Gallstone formation
Monkeypox
Yersenia pestis
Francisella tularensis

278
Q

Cynomys behavior

A

Diurnal
Monoestrus

279
Q

Cynomys major diseases

A

Yersenia pestis
Elodontoma

280
Q

Pocket gopher genus(es)

A

Geomys
Thomomys

281
Q

Geomys special anatomy

A

External fur-lined cheek pouches
Lips can close behind teeth

282
Q

Thomomys research use

A

Molecular evolution
Host-parasite relationship
Environmental

283
Q

Thomomys estrus cycle

A

Monestrus

284
Q

Geomys caging

A

Fossorial habitat
Cannot use soil only substrate - will dig until die from exhaustion

285
Q

Kangaroo rat scientific name

A

Dipodomys
(D. spectabilis and D. merriami)

286
Q

Dipodomys dentition

A

Cheek teeth grow throughout life
Unique to their family

287
Q

Dipodomys reserach use

A

Renal physiology
Osteoporosis
Neuroanatomy
Decompression sickness

288
Q

Dipodomys dorsal gland

A

Androgen-INDEPENDENT oil secreting gland

289
Q

Dipodomys behavior

A

Extremely aggressive to conspecifics

290
Q

Dipodomys husbandry

A

Dust bath
If given ad lib water, may develop diabetes insipidus-like sydndrome

291
Q

Pack rat scientific name

A

Neotoma

292
Q

Neotoma use in research

A

Behavior/neurologic
Disease reservoir - murine typhus, trypanosoma, leishmania, plague, lyme disease, ehrlichia
Bunyaviridae - hantavirus
Arenaviruses

293
Q

Neotoma ventral marking gland

A

Androgen dependent

294
Q

Neotoma neonatal behavior/anatomy

A

Attach to nipple and are dragged around

295
Q

Grasshopper mice scientific name

A

Onychomys
(O. torridus and O. leucogaster)

296
Q

Onychomys diet

A

Carnivorous

297
Q

Onychomys research use

A

BEhavior
Lyme disease
Antibody formation
Yersenia pestis

298
Q

Onychomys circadian period

A

Nocturnal

299
Q

Onychomys husbandry

A

Requires dust bath

300
Q

Deer mice scientific name

A

Peromyscus
P. maniculatus, P leucopus

301
Q

Peromyscus research use

A

Hyperlipidemia - higth fat diet
Epilepsy
Zoonotic disease - lyme, babesia, anaplasma
Genetics

302
Q

Peromyscus circadian rhythm

A

Nocturnal
16:8 photoperiod

303
Q

Peromyscus dentition

A

Have premolars
1/0/(2/1)/3
Rooted molars

304
Q

Rice rat scientific name

A

Oryzomys palustris

305
Q

Oryzomys habitat

A

Semiaquatic

306
Q

Oryzomys research use

A

Periodontal disease - high sucrose diet
Photoperiod

307
Q

Cane mice scientific name

A

Zygodontomys brevicauda

308
Q

Zygodontomys circadian rhythm

A

Nocturnal

309
Q

Zygodontomys reserach use

A

Reproduction (lack reproductive response to photoperiod)
Viruses - arenavirus, Guanarito virus

310
Q

Cotton rat scientific name

A

Sigmodon hispidus
S. fulviventer

311
Q

Sigmodon reserach use

A

Viral respiratory disease - paramyxoviruses, incl. RSV, PIV3, measles
Only model of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (human adenovirus 5)
Adenovirus gene therapy

312
Q

Sigmodon circadian rhythm

A

Typically diurnal under laboratory conditions

313
Q

Sigmodon captive behavior

A

Very aggressive

314
Q

Sigmodon blood collection

A

Subzygomatic route - using subzygomatic sinus unique to cotton rats
RO

315
Q

Sigmodon spontaneous disease

A

Exophthalmos secondary to heart failure
CPN

316
Q

White-tailed rat scientific name

A

Mystromys albicaudatus

317
Q

Mystromys special glands

A

Large ventral sebaceous gland
Females have rudimentary prostate

318
Q

Mystromys stomach

A

2 compartment

319
Q

Mystromys research use

A

Diabetes mellitus
Cutaneous leishmaniasis

320
Q

Mystromys reproductive anatomy

A

Females have 2 pairs of inguinal mammae
Males have os penis

321
Q

Mystromys disease

A

Topical antibiotic associated typhlocolitis
Diabetes mellitus (males >females)
Oculocutaneous albanism similar to chediak-higashi

322
Q

Vole species name

A

Microtus
M. ochrogaster (prarie)
M. pennsylvanicus (meadow)

323
Q

Microtus use in research

A

Nutrition
Behavior - M. ochrogaster

324
Q

Microtus ochrogaster reproduction

A

Monogamous
Male assists in raising offspring

325
Q

Microtus pennsylvanicus reproduction

A

Polygamous and somewhat antisocial
Induced ovulator

326
Q

Microtus dentition

A

Unrooted molars - grow continuously

327
Q

Microtus sexual maturity

A

2-3 weeks

328
Q

Microtus nutrition

A

Herbivores

329
Q

Microtus disease

A

Lacrimal adenocarcinoma
Malocclusion

330
Q

Multimammate rats species name

A

Mastomys natalensis
M. coucha

331
Q

Mastomys use in research

A

Lassa virus (arenavirus) - M. natalensis
Plague - M. coucha
Other zoonotic agents
Gastric carcinoid, Zollinger Ellison syndrome, gastric ulcers

332
Q

Mastomys gland

A

Females (and males) have prostate gland

333
Q

Mastomys biliary anatomy

A

No gallbladder

334
Q

Mastomys spontaneous disease

A

Gastric carcinoid
Autoimmune thyroiditis
Osteoarthritis

335
Q

Degu scientific name

A

Octodon degus

336
Q

Octodon neonates

A

Precocial

337
Q

Octodon circadian rhythm

A

Diurnal

338
Q

Degu adrenal anatomy

A

Large adrenal glands for body weight

339
Q

Degu husbandry

A

Dust bath

340
Q

Degu disease

A

Dental - malocclusion (open rooted molars), elodontoma
Cataracts
Diabetes mellitus
PcKD
Pseudomoniasis

341
Q

Naked mole rat scientific name

A

Heterocephalus glaber

342
Q

Heterocephalus research use

A

Longevity
Cancer
Behavior
HYpoxia

343
Q

Heterocephalus behavior

A

Eusocial

344
Q

Heterocephalus husbandry

A

Warm (80-90F)
Tunnels
Rarely cleaned
High humidity

345
Q

Woodchuck scientific name

A

Marmota monax

346
Q

Marmota research use

A

Hibernation
Hepatitis B (woodchuck hepatitis virus)

347
Q

Marmota venipuncture sites

A

Femoral vein
Maxillary or lingufacial vein (looks similar to cranial vena cava puncture in photo)
Cardiac puncture
Cephalic vein
Tarsal vein

348
Q

Marmota spontaneous disease

A

Bacterial folliculitis (captive only)
Otitis
Pneumonia
Woodchuck hepatitis virus
Parasites
Diaphragmatic hernia
Aortic rupture

349
Q

Chinchilla scientific name

A

Chinchilla chinchilla (Short-tailed)
Chinchilla lanigera (long-tailed)

350
Q

Chinchilla use in research

A

Acoustic/auditory
Upper respiratory pathogens

351
Q

Chinchilla husbandry

A

dust bath

352
Q

Chinchilla blood collection

A

Transverse sinus around auditory bullae

353
Q

Chinchilla ear anatomy

A

Cochlea has 3 turns (like humans)
Large, thin-walled tympanic bullae - easy access to middle ear
Round window thinner than humans - ototoxicity studies
Mobile malleus and incus

354
Q

Chinchilla vascular anatomy

A

Brain supplied only by vertebral-basilar artery system
No internal carotid artery
No right coronary artery

355
Q

Chinchilla reproduction

A

Seasonally polyestrus
Monogamous in wild - harem breeding in captivity

356
Q

Chinchilla neonate

A

Precocious

357
Q

Chinchilla disease

A

Tibia fracture
Conjunctivitis
Fur ring/fur chewing/fur slip

358
Q

Japanese quail scientific name

A

Coturnix japonica

359
Q

Coturnix research use

A

Embryogenesis
Aging
Neurology
Bone physiology
Visual system

360
Q

Coturnix incubation time

A

16 days

361
Q

Gallus domesticus incubation time

A

21 days

362
Q

Coturnix proctodeal gland

A

Males
Similar to prostate gland
Andorgen responsive
Secretes foamy material

363
Q

Coturnix sexual dimorphism

A

Females - light tan feathers and black speckling on chest
Males - brown throat and breast

364
Q

Coturnix husbandry

A

Dust bath

365
Q

Method of genotyping coturnix neonates

A

Chorioallantoic membrane on shell membrane

366
Q

Coturnix disease

A

Head injury from conspecifics
foot injuries from husbandry

367
Q

Zebra finch scientific name

A

Taenopygia guttata

368
Q

Taenopygia research use

A

speech/vocal learning/development
neurobiology

369
Q

Taenopygia sexual dimorphism

A

Males - orange cheek pouches, black and white on throat, chestnut flanks
Females - gray

370
Q

Bird genotype sex determination

A

Male: ZZ
Female: ZW

371
Q

Taenopygia reproduction

A

Monogamous with strong pair bonds
Can occasionally have extra-pair paternity

372
Q

Taenopygia incubation period

A

11-14 days

373
Q

Taenopygia disease

A

Paramyxovirus 3
Polyomavirus
Mycobacteriosis
Chlamydia
Macrorhabdus ornithogaster
Neocheyleitella

374
Q

Ferret response to corticosteroid

A

Resistant

375
Q

Guinea pig response to corticosteroid

A

Resistant

ACLAM Exam 2023 (5 decks)

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