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ACLAM Exam 2023 > Primary Species > Flashcards

Primary Species Flashcards

1
Q

Mouse vertebral formula

A

C7 T13 L6 S3 Cd28

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2
Q

Mouse dental formula

A

1/1-0/0-0/0-3/3 x 2

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3
Q

Mouse lung lobes

A

4 right (superior, middle, inferior, post-caval) + 1 left

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4
Q

Mouse urinary protein excretion

A

Taurine always present; tryptophan always absent

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5
Q

Mouse kidney sexual dimorphism

A

Male kidneys heavier than female kidneys

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6
Q

Mouse liver lobes

A

4 (left, right, median, caudate)

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7
Q

Mouse salivary glands

A

Parotid (serous), submandibular (mixed), sublingual (mucinous)

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8
Q

Mouse mammary glands

A

5 pairs (cervical, cranial thoracic, caudal thoracic, abdominal, inguinal)

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9
Q

Mouse esophagus comparative anatomy

A

Esophagus keratinized with all striated muscle

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10
Q

Mouse stomach comparative anatomy

A

Glandular + non-glandular regions

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11
Q

Mouse spleen sexual dimorphism

A

Male larger than female

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12
Q

Mouse kidney comparative anatomy

A

Unipapillate

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13
Q

Mouse estrus cycle length

A

4-6 days

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14
Q

Mouse gestation length

A

19-21 days

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15
Q

Mouse wean age

A

21-28 days

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16
Q

Mouse male accessory glands

A

Seminal vesicles, coagulating gland (anterior prostate), ampullary gland, bulbourethral/cowper’s gland, preputial gland, prostate

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17
Q

Mouse placentation

A

discoid, hemochorial

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18
Q

Rat vertebral formula

A

C7 T13 L6 S4 Cd28

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19
Q

Rat dental formula

A

1/1-0/0-0/0-3/3 x2

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20
Q

Rat lung lobes

A

4 right (cranial, middle, caudal, accessory) + 1 left

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21
Q

Rat liver lobes

A

4 (left, right, median, caudate)

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22
Q

Rat liver comparative anatomy

A

No gall bladder

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23
Q

Rat salivary glands

A

Parotid (serous), submandibular (mixed), sublingual (mucinous)

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24
Q

Rat mammary glands

A

6 pairs (3 thoracic + 3 abdominal)

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25
Q

Rat pulmonary vein comparative anatomy

A

Pulmonary vein has cardiac striated muscle in wall

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26
Q

Rat coronary blood supply comparative anatomy

A

Atrial blood supply from mammary and subclavian artery

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27
Q

Rat heart comparative anatomy

A

Heart against the thoracic wall at ribs 3-5; easy cardiac puncture in this location

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28
Q

Rat stomach comparative anatomy

A

Glandular and non-glandular stomach separated by margo plicatum

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29
Q

Rat bronchoconstriction comparative physiology

A

No adrenergic supply for bronchoconstriction; controlled by vagal tone

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30
Q

Rat kidney comparative anatomy

A

Unipapillate

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31
Q

Rat estrus cycle length

A

4-5 days

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32
Q

rat gestation length

A

21-23 days

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33
Q

Rat wean age

A

21 days

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34
Q

Rat puberty age

A

40-60 days (“most often occurs at 2-3 months of age, although considerable variation exists”)

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35
Q

Rat eyes open age

A

10-12 days (14-17 days elsewhere in BB text)

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36
Q

Rat male accessory glands

A

Seminal vesicles, coagulating gland, ampullary gland, bulbourethral/cowpers gland, preputial gland, prostate

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37
Q

Rat placenta

A

Discoid hemochorial

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38
Q

Rat daily water consumption

A

8-11 mL/100g body weight

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39
Q

Rat daily food consumption

A

5g/100g body weight

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40
Q

Pig vertebral formula

A

C7 T14 L6 S4 Cd20-23

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41
Q

Pig dental formula

A

3/3 - 1/1 - 4/4 - 3/3

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42
Q

Pig lung lobes

A

4 right (cranial, caudal, middle, accessory) + 2 left (cranial, caudal)

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43
Q

Pig liver lobes

A

5 (left medial, left lateral, right medial, right lateral, caudate)

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44
Q

Pig salivary glands

A

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

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45
Q

Pig mammary glands

A

9 pairs

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46
Q

Pig aorta comparative anatomy

A

True vaso vasorum

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47
Q

Pig coronary artery comparative anatomy

A

Coronary artery right sided without collateral

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48
Q

Pig cardiac electrophysiological system

A

More neurogenic than myogenic
Prominent purkinje fibers

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49
Q

Pig blood supply to coronary sinus

A

Coronary veins AND intercostal vessels via the left azygous vein
Can ligate the left azygous vessel to achieve total coronary venous drainage in to the coronary sinus

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50
Q

Pig stomach comparative anatomy

A

Torus pyloricus
Non-glandular pars esophagea region

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51
Q

Pig pancreatic duct enters where

A

Duodenum; separate from bile duct

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52
Q

Pig intestine comparative anatomy

A

Spiral colon
Mesenteric vessels branch in the subserosa

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53
Q

Pig lymph node comparative anatomy

A

Lymph nodes are inverted - germinal center is internal

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54
Q

Pig thymus comparative anatomy

A

Appears as a single organ with fused lobes
Located on ventral midline near thoracic inlet

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55
Q

Pig estrus cycle length

A

21 day average (range: 17-25)

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56
Q

Pig gestation length

A

114-115 days (3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days)

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57
Q

Pig wean age

A

3-5 weeks (19-22 days in industry)

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58
Q

Pig puberty age

A

3-7 months
Miniature pigs: 4-6 months

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59
Q

Pig male accessory glands

A

Vesicular gland, prostate, bulbourethral gland

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60
Q

Pig placentation

A

Diffuse epitheliochorial
This placentation type necessitates that maternal abs are received by colostrum

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61
Q

Pig neonate gut closure time

A

12-24 hours after birth

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62
Q

Piglet nutrient requirement that cannot be met in sows milk

A

Iron - require 21 mg/kg (sow has 1 mg/L in milk)

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63
Q

Rabbit vertebral formula

A

C7 T12 L7 S4 Cd16

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64
Q

Rabbit dental formula

A

2/1 - 0/0 - 3/2 - (2-3)/3 x2

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65
Q

Rabbit lung lobes

A

4 right (cranial, middle, caudal lateral, caudal medial) + 3 left (cranial, middle, caudal)

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66
Q

Rabbit liver lobes

A

4 (caudate [torses], left, right, quadrate)

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67
Q

Rabbit liver comparative physiology

A

Biliverdin instead of bilirubin

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68
Q

Rabbit salivary glands

A

Parotid, submandibular, subingual, zygomatic

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69
Q

Rabbit mammary glands

A

4-5 pairs

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70
Q

Rabbit heart comparative anatomy

A

Tricuspid valve has only 2 cusps

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71
Q

Rabbit aorta comparative physiology

A

Aortic nerve has no chemoreceptors, only baroreceptors

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72
Q

Rabbit jugular vein comparative anatomy

A

External jugular vein is major blood return from head

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73
Q

Rabbit esophagus comparative anatomy

A

Esophagus all striated muscle up to cardia of stomach; no mucous glands

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74
Q

Rabbit neonatal intestine comparative physiology

A

Intestine impermeable to large molecules - immunoglobulins must be passed in yolk sac

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75
Q

Rabbit respiratory comparative anatomy

A

Obligate nasal breather

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76
Q

Rabbit renal comparative anatomy

A

Unipapillate
Number of glomeruli increase after birth
Ectopic glomeruli common

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77
Q

Rabbit renal comparative physiology

A

Urine is main route of calcium excretion

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78
Q

Rabbit ocular comparative anatomy

A

Merangiotic retina

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79
Q

Rabbit estrus cycle length

A

Induced ovulator; no estrus cycle
Ovulate 10-13h after copulation

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80
Q

Rabbit gestation length

A

30-32 days

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81
Q

Rabbit wean age

A

8 weeks (as early as 4-6 weeks)

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82
Q

Rabbit male accessory glands

A

Seminal vesicles, vesicular glands, prostate, paraprostatic glands, bulbourethral glands

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83
Q

Rabbit placentation

A

Discoid, hemochorial

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84
Q

Macaque vertebral formula

A

C7 T12 L7 S3-5 Cd variable

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85
Q

Macaque dental formula

A

2/2 - 1/1 - 2/2 - 3/3 x2

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86
Q

Macaque lung lobes

A

4 right (cranial, middle, caudal, accessory) + 3 left (cranial, middle, caudal_

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87
Q

Macaque liver lobes

A

5 (left, right, median, caudate, quadrate)

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88
Q

Macaque salivary glands

A

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

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89
Q

Macaque mammary glands

A

1 pair (pectoral)

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90
Q

Macaque carotid comparative anatomy

A

External carotid artery larger than internal carotid artery

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91
Q

Macaque menstrual cycle length

A

26-30 days; cyno (30) longer than rhesus (26)

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92
Q

Macaque gestation length

A

165-170 days (23-24 weeks, ~5.5 months)

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93
Q

Macaque weaning age

A

9 (rhesus) to 12 (cyno) months

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94
Q

Macaque male accessory sex glands

A

Seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands

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95
Q

Macaque placentation

A

Discoid hemochorial

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96
Q

Dog vertebral formula

A

C7 T13 L7 S3 Cd variable

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97
Q

Dog dental formula

A

3/3 - 1/1 - 4/4 - 3/2

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98
Q

Dog lung lobes

A

4 right (cranial, middle, caudal, accessory) + 2 left (cranial, caudal)

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99
Q

Dog liver lobes

A

6 (left lateral, left medial, quadrate, right lateral, right medial, caudate)

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100
Q

Dog salivary glands

A

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual, zygomatic

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101
Q

Dog mammary glands

A

5 pairs

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102
Q

Dog estrus cycle length

A

158-335 days (estrus avg. 9 days, range 5-15)

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103
Q

Dog gestation length

A

59-63 days

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104
Q

Dog wean age

A

3-4 weeks

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105
Q

Dog accessory sex glands

A

Ampullary gland, prostate

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106
Q

Mouse chromosome #

A

2n=40

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107
Q

Rat chromsome #

A

2n=42

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108
Q

Pig chromosome #

A

2n=38

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109
Q

Rabbit chromosome #

A

2n=44

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110
Q

Dog chromosome #

A

2n=78

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111
Q

Macaque chromosome #

112
Q

Adult mice drink x amount of water per day

113
Q

Adult mouse daily food consumption

114
Q

Mouse puberty onset

A

28-49 days

115
Q

Mouse gestation length

A

19-21 days

116
Q

Mouse eye open age

A

12-13 days

117
Q

Mouse wean age

118
Q

Do mice have postpartum estrus

119
Q

Whitten effect

A

Estrus induction in females exposed to male pheromones

120
Q

Bruce effect

A

Prevention of implantation when exposed to pheromones from strange male

121
Q

Mouse hormonal maintenance of pregnancy

A

Progesterone; Corpus luteum for 13 days; placenta for remainder of pregnancy

122
Q

Mouse cytology during estrus

A

Cornified epithelial cells

123
Q

Mouse cytology during diestrus

A

Leukocytes, some nucleated epithelial cells

124
Q

Mouse cytology during proestrus

A

Nucleated epithelial cells

125
Q

Mouse cytology during metestrus

A

Mostly cornified epithelial cells, some leukocytes

126
Q

Vandenbergh effect

A

Puberty acceleration in females exposed to male pheromones

127
Q

Lee-Boot effect

A

Suppression of estrus is group-housed females

128
Q

Classes of immunoglobulins in mice

A

IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD

129
Q

Subtypes of IgG in mice

A

IgG1, IgG2a/c, IgG2b, IgG3

130
Q

Highest produced immunoglobulin in mice

A

IgA (mucosal - serum levels are low)

131
Q

Foxn1

A

Nude mouse; deficiency in T cells

132
Q

SCID

A

Deficiency in B and T cells; sensitive to radiation

133
Q

Rag-1 and Rag-2

A

Deficiency in B and T cells

134
Q

NOD-SCID-Il2gamma

A

Deficiency in B and T cells; Deficiency in NK cells; Decreased complement; Impaired macrophage and dendritic cell function; decrease cytokine production

135
Q

XID

A

Defect in Bruton’s tyrosine kinase; decreased B cells; decreased IgM

136
Q

Moth-eaten

A

Deficiency in CD-8 T cells, Deficiency in NK cells, auto-immune phenotype, hypergammaglobulinemia, moth-eaten coat

137
Q

Rat orbital vasculature anatomy

A

Orbital venous plexus

138
Q

Mouse orbital vasculature anatomy

A

Orbital venous sinus

139
Q

Rat hearing range

A

250 Hz to 80 kHz; most sensitive 8-32 kHz

140
Q

Rat pancreatic ducts empty in to

141
Q

Lateral nasal gland rat

A

Steno’s gland - located in maxillary recess between maxillary bone and lateral lamina of ethmoid bone
Similar to serous salivary gland, secreted substance helps regulate viscosity of mucous later over nasal epithelium

142
Q

Rat spinal cord termination point

143
Q

Impact of continuous light on estrus cycle

A

Persistent estrus
Cystic follicles in the ovaries without corpora lutea formation
Earlier vaginal opening and ovarian atrophy

144
Q

Rat onset of hearing

A

9 days
External acoustic meatus opens at 2.5-3.5 days

145
Q

Mouse ears open

146
Q

Rat incisor eruption

147
Q

Mouse incisor eruption

148
Q

Rats fully haired

149
Q

Mice fully haired

150
Q

Estrus synchronization method in rats

A

Lutenizing hormone releasing hormone agonist (LHRH)
OR
Methoyxyprogesterone + pregnant mare serum (PMS)

151
Q

Rodent hormonal superovulation technique

A

Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) followed by Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
OR
FSH +/- LH

152
Q

Rat ultrasonic vocalization “happy/positive” frequency

153
Q

Rat ultrasonic vocalization “alarm/negative” frequency

154
Q

Rabbit specialized GALT tissues

A

Maturation of IgM+ B cells
Vermiform appendix
Sacculus rotundus

155
Q

Rabbit immunoglobulins

A

IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA, IgE
LACKS IgD

156
Q

Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemia rabbit LDL receptor

A

Deficiency

157
Q

St thomas hospital strain rabbit LDL receptor

158
Q

Rabbit bile duct empties in to

159
Q

Rabbit structure that divides proximal and distal colon and function

A

Fusus coli
Regulate elimination oh fard vs soft fecal pellets

160
Q

Rabbit breathing physiology comparative physiology

A

Thoracic wall effort does not contribute much to breathing - rely on diaphragm activity
Therefore, compression of chest wall is not effective for artificial respiration

161
Q

Rabbit blood supply to brain

A

Internal carotid artery - almost none from vertebral arteries

162
Q

Rabbit glomeruli physiology/aging

A

Glomeruli increase after birth; ectopic glomeruli are normal

163
Q

Surgical manipulation required after orchiectomy in rabbits

A

Closure of the superficial inguinal ring to prevent herniation

164
Q

Rabbit urethra location

A

Within vagina - vestibulum

165
Q

Neonatal rabbit ectotherm until

166
Q

Rabbit isoforms of alkaline phosphatase

A

3 (most other animals have 2)
Intestinal
2 liver/kidney isoforms

167
Q

Rabbit water intake

A

120 mL/kg/day

168
Q

Rabbit puberty age

A

5 months females
6-7 months males
(New Zealand whites)

169
Q

Rabbit vaginal cytology

A

Generally not helpful

170
Q

Rabbit induction of ovulation methods

A

Physical (breeding)
LH
HCG
GnRH

171
Q

Rabbit postpartum estrus?

A

No because rabbits don’t really have true “Estrus” but they can be bred immediately post-partum - success may be lower

172
Q

Rabbit radiographic determination of pregnancy gestation day

173
Q

Rabbit corpora luteal maintenance of pregnancy (or pseudopregnancy) length

A

15-17 days

174
Q

Rabbit heritable hydrocephaly inheritence pattern

A

hy/hy
Autosomal recessive

175
Q

Rabbit heritable buphthalmia inheritence pattern

A

bu/bu
Autosomal recessive - incomplete penetrance

176
Q

Rabbit heritable mandibular prognathism inheritence pattern

A

mp/mp
Autosomal recessive - incomplete penetrance

177
Q

Rabbit C3 deficiency inheritence pattern

A

Simple autosomal co-dominant

178
Q

Rabbit C6 deficiency inheritence pattern

A

Autosomal recessive

179
Q

Rabbit C8 deficiency inheritance pattern

A

Simple autosomal recessive

180
Q

Origin of vx-2 carcinoma

A

SCC in a rabbit carrying shope papilloma

181
Q

Origin of Brown Pearce carcinoma

A

tumor in the rabbit testes

182
Q

Origin of greene melanoma

183
Q

What agency validates that swine herds are brucellosis-free and qualifies that herds are pseudorabies-negative?

184
Q

Pig vaccines for weanlings

A

Erysipelas, leptospirosis

185
Q

Pig vaccines for breeders

A

Porcine parvovirus, bordetella, pasturella, E. coli

186
Q

Swine minimum acclimation period before experimental use

187
Q

Side for blood collection from cranial vena cava in swine and why

A

Right side
Protect recurrent laryngeal nerve

188
Q

Humane method of swine restraint

A

Panepinto sling

189
Q

Pig thymus comparative anatomy

A

Appears as a single organ with fused lobes
Located on ventral midline near thoracic inlet

190
Q

Minipig nutritional requirements

A

Fixed quantity to prevent obesity (therefore, diets designed for free choice feeding may not be calibrated correctly for micronutrient quantity)
Lower energy, higher fiber than farm pig diets

191
Q

Swine sulfur requirements

A

Do not require sulfur if methionine is available (UNLIKE ruminants)

192
Q

Swine T-cell population

A

Large population of “null” cells - no CD4 (helper) or CD8 (cytotoxic) but do express CD3 (T cell)
Have a subset of lymphocytes that express CD4 and CD8 (similar to humans and monkeys, but unlike most other species)

193
Q

Pig immunoglobulins

A

Lacks the gene for IgD
Many IgG subclasses: IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, IgG4
Have IgA and IgE

194
Q

Swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) function and chromosome

A

Equivalent to human MHC - restrict CD8 T-cell activation
Chromosome 7

195
Q

Cells that express SLA class I

A

All nucleated cells

196
Q

Cells that express SLA class II

A

Professional antigen presenting cells - B-cells, macrophages, dendritic cells
Lymphocytes and vascular endothelium (UNLIKE mice, similar to humans)

197
Q

Swine location of antigen-antibody immune complex elimination

A

Lung
Humans = liver and spleen

198
Q

Transplant hierarchy of tolerance

A

Liver > Kidney > Heart > Lung > Skin

199
Q

Sugar present in porcine endothelium responsible for hyperacture rejection in the baboon xenotransplantation model

A

Gala1-3Galb1-4GlcNAc
(alpha1,3Gal)

200
Q

Mutation historically associated with porcine stress syndrome and inheritance pattern

A

Mutation in the calcium-release channel protein (ryanodine receptor - RYR)
Autosomal recessive

201
Q

New mutation associated with transport stress pig death

A

Mutation in the dystrophin gene
R1958W

202
Q

Region of pig stomach prone to ulceration

A

Pars esophaga - stratified squamous

203
Q

Dog vaccination of purpose-bred animals

A

Rabies
DAPP (Distemper, Adenovirus 2, Parvo, Parainfluenza)
Lepto - Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Pomona
Bordetella

204
Q

Conditioned dog

A

A random-source dog that have been treated/vaccinated in preparation for use in research

205
Q

Dog placentation

A

Endotheliochorial, zonary

206
Q

Dog hormonal maintenance of pregnancy

A

Luteal progesterone - corpora lutea retain structure throughout gestation

207
Q

Dog when can you use radiographs to diagnose pregnancy

208
Q

Dog ferguson reflex

A

Oxytocin release as fetus engages cervix
Strengthens uterine contractions

209
Q

When is veterinary intervention necessary in dogs based on time spent in each stage of parturition

A

Stage 2 >5 hours without delivering a pup
More than 2 hours between pups
Lack of delivery 24 hours after onset of stage 1 = oxytocin

210
Q

Dog eye open age

211
Q

CITES I Macaques (Macaca spp.)

A

Macaca silenus (lion-tailed macaque)
Macaca sylvanus (barbary macaque)

212
Q

CITES II primates

A

ALL primates are CITES II, except for the ones that are CITES I. None are “less than” CITES II (non-appendixed)

213
Q

Macaque social dynamic

A

Multimale multifemale groups
Male dominated
Rhesus females - strict hierarchial class system (Cyno less strict)

214
Q

Rhesus breeding seasonality

A

September to February in northern hemisphere

215
Q

Rhesus menstrual cycle length

216
Q

Rhesus gestation period

217
Q

Rhesus sexual maturity

A

4.5 years (Female)
6.5 years (Male)

218
Q

Cyno breeding seasonality

A

No strong seasonality

219
Q

Cyno gestation period

A

163.5 days

220
Q

Cyno menstural cycle length

221
Q

Cyno sexual maturity

A

3.5 years (female)
5.5 years (male)

222
Q

Temperament differences indian vs chinese origin rhesus

A

Chinese origin more tempermental/irritable

223
Q

Macaque daily food consumption

A

2-4% of body weight

224
Q

Pig-tail macaque species name

A

Macaca nemestrina

225
Q

Stumptail macaque species name

A

Macaca arctoides

226
Q

Bonnet macaque species name

A

Macaca radiata

227
Q

Cyno macaque cervix

A

Complex structure; makes AI difficult

228
Q

Macaque BSL

A

Minimum BSL-2

229
Q

Agents in macaques that may require BSL-3

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Highly pathogenic avian influenza
Eastern, Western, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
Yellow fever
Burkholderia pseudomallei (overlap agent)
Coccidioides immitis IF inoculated via intranasal/pulmonary route

230
Q

Agents in macaques that may required BSL-2 + immunization

A

Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Measles
Influenza
Poliovirus
Rabies

231
Q

Agents in macaques that require BSL-2 facilities + BSL-3 practices

232
Q

Agents in macaques that require BSL-4

A

Marburg
Ebola
Macacine herpesvirus 1 if used in experimental infections

233
Q

Macaque (and other primate) CDC quarantine duration

234
Q

Macaque (and other primate) receiving institution quarantine duration

A

Recommended 30 days or longer

235
Q

Macaque recommended vaccination

A

MMR at 3 months and boostered after 6 weeks
Rabies at 1 year and boostered q3 years
Tetanus at 1 year and boostered q3 years

236
Q

Difference in CSF composition of monkeys depending on collection site

A

Lumbar: higher TP, albumin, IgG
Cisterna magna: higher glucose, potassium

237
Q

Zebrafish saturation mutagenesis screen methodology

A

Adult males treated with chemical mutagen
F3 generation examined for developmental abnormalities

238
Q

Zebrafish family

A

Cyprinidae

239
Q

Zebrafish sexual dimorphism

A

Females slightly larger, more silvery, slightly rounded
Males more streamlined, more brightly colored

240
Q

Zebrafish position in water column

A

Upper strata

241
Q

Zebrafish mutations discovered via gamma ray irradiation

A

ntl - no tail; embryos fail to develop notochord and caudal structures
spt - spadetail; mesodermal cells fail to gastrulate properly
cyclops - prevents formation of floorplate in neural tube

242
Q

Zebrafish embryonic features after 24 hours of development

A

“Fishlike” appearance
Specified all three axes (rostro-caudal, dorso-ventral, left-right)
Patterned rudimentary neural tube and eyes
Twitch spontaneously

243
Q

Zebrafish first cleavage

A

45 minutes after fertilization at 28.5 C

244
Q

Zebrafish midblastula transition

A

3 hpf
Activation of zygotic transcription - all processes prior to MBT are regulated by maternal factors in the egg

245
Q

Zebrafish gastrulation

A

begins at 5.5 hpf; complete by 10 hpf
The three germlayers take up their final position

246
Q

Zebrafish epiboly

A

Completed at 10 hpf
Embryonic cells spread down over the yolk

247
Q

Zebrafish 10-24 hpf development

A

Internal organs begin to form morphological landmarks

248
Q

Zebrafish hatching

249
Q

Zebrafish onset of feeding

250
Q

Zebrafish fin regeneration time

A

10-12 days
Regenerative blastema in 1-2 days

251
Q

Zebrafish hair cell location

A

Ear and lateral line

252
Q

Zebrafish parthenogenesis method

A

Eggs fertilized with irradiated sperm (cannot contribute DNA)
Results in haploid embryos - eventually lethal
Can be made diploid using heat shock or early pressure

253
Q

Zebrafish diploid chromosome number

254
Q

RNA injection in to zebrafish embryos is especially useful if the genes being studied act prior to the onset of embryonic transcription, which occurs as ______ hpf and is called ______

A

3 hpf
Midblastula transition (MBT)

255
Q

Transposon from japanese medaka with higher (50%) founder rates of transgenic zebrafish

A

Tol2 transposon

256
Q

Mechanism to study gene loss-of-function in zebrafish without needing to use ENU or retroviruses

A

Morpholino antisense oligonucleotides

257
Q

Zebrafish aggression is highest at _______ densities

258
Q

Zebrafish change in temperature per day limit

259
Q

Eurythermal species

A

Able to tolerate a wide range of temperatures
Zebrafish

260
Q

Zebrafish optimal housing temperature

261
Q

Response in metabolic rate to 10C increase in temperature zebrafish

A

metabolic rate doubles

262
Q

Room temperature relative to water temperature zebrafish

A

Room should be 1-2 warmer than water
Prevent condensation

263
Q

Oxygen diffusion water depth

A

Adequate at depths of less than 4 inches

264
Q

RAS turnover rate- general rule

A

1 per hour

265
Q

Zebrafish pH

266
Q

High (>8) pH effect on ammonia

A

Increases concentration of unionized (toxic) form
Acidic water makes ionized (NH4, less toxic) form predominate

267
Q

Zebrafish conductivity

A

125-2500 uS

268
Q

Zebrafish optimal calcium/magnesium levels

A

80-200 ppm

269
Q

Ammonia oxidizing bacteria

A

Nitrosomonas
Nitrospira
Nitrosococcus
Amonia-oxidizing archaea

270
Q

Nitrite odixidizng bacteria

A

Nitrospira
Nitrobacter

271
Q

Zebrafish light requirements

A

12-16 hours light/day
54-354 (5-30 ft candles) at the water surface

272
Q

Zebrafish dietary fatty acid requirements

A

Higher levels of n6 fatty acids than most cultured coldwater fish

273
Q

Bleach concentration for disinfecting zebrafish embryos

A

20-50 ppm buffered to ph 7

274
Q

Primary hematopoietic organ of adult zebrafish

A

Head kidney

275
Q

Zebrafish blood composition

A

Erythrocytes - nucleated, epithelial cells
Neutrophils/heterophils - segmented nucleus, granules
Eosinophils - larger granules than neutrophil
Monocytes - foamy, basophilic cytoplasm
Lymphocytes - most predominant WBC
Thrombocytes - nucleated, often aggregate

276
Q

Zebrafish terminal blood collection

A

Decapitation through the pelvic girdle
Dorsal aorta

277
Q

Zebrafish survival blood collection

A

2% mortality rate; can collect 2% body weight
Posterior

ACLAM Exam 2023 (5 decks)

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