second teir bacterial pathogens-Kozel

Question 1

What is this:
Spirochete with gram-negative-like cell wall
Humans only natural host
Cannot be cultured; darkfield microscopy of primary lesion
Serology used for diagnosis in secondary and late stages

Answer 1

Treponema pallidum

Question 2

What are the diseases that treponema pallidum causes?

Answer 2

Primary syphilis
secondary syphilis
latent syphilis
tertiary (late) syphilis
congenital syphilis

Question 3

What kind of syphilis is this:

Painless chancre at site

Answer 3

Primary syphilis

Question 4

What kind of syphilis is this:

disseminated disease; rash

Answer 4

secondary syphilis

Question 5

What kind of syphilis is this:

asymptomatic; serologic evidence of infection

Answer 5

latent syphilis

Question 6

What kind of syphilis is this:

destruction of multiple organs

Answer 6

Tertiary (late) syphilis

Question 7

What is this:
Acid-fast, aerobic rods; cell wall rich in lipids
Obligate intracellular pathogen; no culture
Disease due to host response

Answer 7

Mycobacterium leprae

Question 8

What are the diseases associated with mycobacterium leprae?

Answer 8

Tuberculoid leprosy

Lepromatous leprosy

Question 9

What type of mycobacterium is this, strong cellular immune response and relatively few bacteria.

Answer 9

Tuberculoid leprosy

Question 10

What mycobacterium leprae is this, strong antibody response but defect in cellular response, abundant bacteria-most infectious form

Answer 10

Lepromatous leprosy

Question 11

What is this:
Spirochete with gram-negative-like cell wall
Zoonotic – rodents, dogs, farm animals, wild animals
Infection via contact with water, food or soil contaminated with urine from infected animal

Answer 11

Leptospira interrogans

Question 12

What are the diseases associated with leptospira interrogans??

Answer 12

leptospirosis

Question 13

What is leptospirosis?

Answer 13

Most disease is mild, virus-like syndrome
Systemic disease presents as aseptic meningitis
Weil syndrome

Question 14

What is this:

overwhelming disease; vascular collapse, hepatic disease with jaundice, renal dysfunction

Answer 14

weil syndrome

Question 15

What is this:

• Gram-negative coccobacilli
• Commensals of oropharynx of healthy animals
• Infection follows exposure to animals, e.g., bites, shared food

Answer 15

Pasteurella multocida

Question 16

What diseases are associated with pasteurella multocida?

Answer 16

Bite wound infection – most common infection following dog or cat bites
Respiratory infection in patients with underlying pulmonary dysfunction

Question 17

What is this:
Curved gram-negative rod
Infection via exposure to contaminated salt water or shellfish
Responsible for 90% of Vibrio-related deaths in U.S.

Answer 17

Vibrio vulnificus

Question 18

What are the diseases associated with vibrio vulnificus?

Answer 18

Septicemia after consumption of raw oysters; high mortality

Wound infection after exposure to contaminated water

Question 19

What is this:
Gram-negative rod; oxidase-positive; green pigment
Mucoid polysaccharide capsule
Ubiquitous in nature; nosocomial infection
Highly resistant; requires use of multiple antibiotics

Answer 19

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 20

What are the diseases associated with Pseudoman aeruginosa?

Answer 20

Pulmonary infection – cystic fibrosis
Infection of burn wounds
Urinary tract infection
External otitis – swimmer’s ear
Bacteremia – opportunistic infection, e.g., neutropenia

Question 21

What is this:
Small gram-negative rods
Normal flora of upper respiratory tract

Answer 21

Eikenella corrodens

Question 22

What diseases does Eikenella corrodens cause?

Answer 22

• Opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients

- Commonly isolated in human bite wound or fistfight

Question 23

What is this:
Gram-negative coccobacillus
Emerging nosocomial infection
Highly resistant to multiple antibiotics

Answer 23

Acinetobacter baumanii

Question 24

What are the diseases associated with acinetobacter baumanii?

Answer 24

Nosocomial infection in intensive care units, e.g., ventilator-associated pneumonia
Wound infection – nosocomial infection of battlefield wounds

Question 25

What is this:
Gram-negative coccobacillus; requires cysteine for growth
Facultative intracellular pathogen
Zoonotic – primarily rabbits
Insect vectors – hard ticks and biting flies

Answer 25

Franciscella tularensis

Question 26

What are the diseases associated with Franciscella tularensis?

Answer 26

tularemia

Question 27

What are the 2 forms of tularemia?

Answer 27

ulceroglandular

oculoglandular

Question 28

What is this:

most common form that follows insect bite or direct inoculation

Answer 28

ulceroglandular

Question 29

What is this:

follows inoculation of eye, e.g., rubbing

Answer 29

Oculoglandular

Question 30

What is this:

tularemia caused by inhalation

Answer 30

pneumonic

Question 31

What is this:
Small, anaerobic, gram-positive rods
Common on skin, sebaceous glands, sweat glands
Produces many products that stimulate local inflammation

Answer 31

Propionibacterium acnes

Question 32

What are the diseases associated with Propionibacterium acnes?

Answer 32

• acnes vulgaris

- opportunistic infections in patients w/ prosthetic devices or IV lines