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Block 7 Week 2 > Dermatology II > Flashcards

Dermatology II Flashcards

1
Q

T or F

Benign or malignant neoplasms can arise from any component of the skin

A

T

epidermis, dermis, adnexal

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of neoplasma that arise from the dermis?

A

squamos

melanocytic

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3
Q

Is seborhhaic keratosis malignant or benign?

A

Benign!

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4
Q

Describe seborrhaic keratosis?

A

waxy, stuck on appearance, common in the elderly

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5
Q

Sudden onset of multiple seborrheic keratosis can be a sign of (blank)

A

carcinoma of the GI tract (perineoplastic syndrome)

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6
Q

What can you find in sebhorreic keratosis?

A

horn cysts

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7
Q

What are horn cysts?

A

invaginations of epidermis

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8
Q

What is this:

loose stroma, surrounded by epidermis. No malignant potential. Can infarct at stalk.

A

skin tags

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9
Q

Are skin tags malignant or benign epithelial tumors?

A

benign

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10
Q

How do you get hypertrophic scars/keloids and are the malignant or benign?

A

too much deposition of collagen.
often seen in black population, often due to trauma
Benign

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11
Q

What is this:
invagination of epidermis into the dermis with subsequent keratinization- can rupture into surrounding tissue causing inflammatory response

A

Epidermal inclusion cyst

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12
Q

Is an epidermal incusion cyst benign or malignant?

A

benign

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13
Q

What is this:

scaly plaque, feels like sandpaper, can be scraped off and it will grow again.

A

Actinic keratosis

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14
Q

Is actinic keratosis malignant or benign?

A

premalignant

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15
Q

What does the histo of actinic keratosis look like?

A

hyperkeratosis

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16
Q

What is this:

dyskeratosis that doesn’t extend the whole thickness of the epidermis

A

Actinic keratosis

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17
Q

What is this:
extend through all layers of the epidermis and is called bowen’s if its in the genital region
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Squamos cell carcinoma in situ

Malignant

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18
Q

Squamos cell carcinoma invades through (blank)

A

basement membrane

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19
Q

What is this:
pink, pearl-like papule
elevated nodule w/ centra ulcerated center
Is it malignant or benign?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

Malignant

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20
Q

What will the histo look like of basal cell carcinoma?

A

peripheral pallisading

21
Q

Freckles and cafe au lait spots are examples of (blank) patterns of growth and are melanocytic neoplasms

A

lentiginous

22
Q

T or F

Melanocytic neoplasms are on a spectrum from benign to malignant

A

T

23
Q

What are the three types of melanocytic neoplasms?

A

Nevus
Dysplastic nevus
Melanoma

24
Q

Nevas are common benign neoplasms that are acquired by activating mutation in the (blank) signaling pathway

A

Ras

25
Q

Nevi progress through a series of morphologic changes over time… what are they?

A

Junctional nevus
Compound nevus
Intradermal nevus

26
Q

What is a junctional nevus?

A

Found only in epidermis
It is flat
Most common nevus in children

27
Q

What is a compound nevus?

A

Raised, found in epidermis and dermis

28
Q

What is an intradermal nevus?

A

Junctional component is lost, now only in the dermis. Most common nevus in adults

29
Q

What is this:

  • may be direct precursors of melanoma
  • vast majority are stable and never progress
  • Have acquired activating mutations in NRAS and BRAF genes
A

Dysplastic nevus

30
Q

What 2 activating mutationsa are found in dysplastic nevi?

A

NRAS and BRAF

31
Q

When looking at a dysplatic nevus what should you be thinking about?

A

ABCDE

32
Q

Greater than (blank) mm in a dysplastic nevus is bad

A

6

33
Q

What is thsi:

most deadly of all skin cancers, but can be cured if detected in its early stages.

A

Melanoma

34
Q

Where do you find melanoma?

A

mostly occurs on skin but can occur within the mucosa

35
Q

if you get melanoma autosomal dominantly (10-15%) what kind of syndrom got you here?

A

dysplastic nevus syndrome

36
Q

Where does melanoma occur?

A

mostly occurs on the skin but can occur within the mucosa

37
Q

What is another cause besides autosomal dominant inheritance of dysplastic nevus syndrome that causes melanoma?

A

Sporadic due to UV radiation damage to DNA

38
Q

What does UV radiation mess with causing melanoma?

A
  • cell cycle control genes
  • activate pro-growth signaling pathways
  • activate telomerase
39
Q

In melonma, the (blank) checkpoint is no longer functional.

A

P16

40
Q

What are the 4 subtypes of melanoma?

A
  • superficial spreading
  • lentigo maligna melanoma
  • nodular
  • acral lentiginous
41
Q

What is the most common type of melanoma?:

A

superficial spreading

42
Q 
What is this:
Occurs on chronically sun-damaged skin
More common in elderly
Slow progression
Growth of tumor is horizontal
Good prognosis
A

lentigo maligna melanoma

43
Q 
What is this:
Most common type
Involves back in men
Involves back and legs in women
Growth of tumor is primarily horizontal rather than down into the dermis
A

Superficial spreading melanoma

44
Q

What is this:

rapid growth, growth is vertical, giving tumor an increased Breslow’s depth

A

Nodular

45
Q

What is this:
more common in people with darker skin color (Asians and persons of African ancestry)
Diagnosis is often delayed so lesions tend to be many centimeters in diameter.

A

Acral lentiginous

46
Q

What is this:
morphological appearance is variable.
Clinical appearance of pigment is subtle or often absent. Often confused with a variety of benign lesions such as psoriasis or dermatitis. Also confused with a variety of malignant lesions such as SCC in situ or basal cell carcinoma.

A

Amelanotic

47
Q

What kind of neoplasm is a pilar (hair) cyst?

A

an adnexal neoplasm

hair and calcification rolled in one

48
Q

Dermatofibroma sarcoma protuberans is (blank)

A

malignant

49
Q

Dermatofibroma is (blank)

A

benign fibrous histiocytoma

Block 7 Week 2 (10 decks)

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