Second Semester Social Studies Final (Maya's Version)

Question 1

Nationalism

Answer 1

Pride, loyalty towards one’s nation with the desire to prove that your nation is the best. (In WWI, growing nationalism led to competition and distrust among nations). Also a cause of WWII.

Question 2

Militarism

Answer 2

Policy of aggressive military preparations. (This makes the Europeans not trust each other in WWI). Mobilization (movement towards the border) of an army is seen as an act of war - things could get out of hand very quickly.

Question 3

Alliances

Answer 3

A promise to defend your ally if she is attacked. WWI: Central powers - Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria. Allies - Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, and Italy(and other nations). These alliances were originally secret and created a war that the alliances were forced to fight.

Question 4

Lusitania

Answer 4

America remained neutral in WWI. However, in 1915, Germany used unrestricted submarine warfare (U-boats) to blockade Britain (sinking ships). They sank the British passenger ship Lusitania and 1,198 people died (128 of these were Americans). This act turns Americans against Germany.

Question 5

Propaganda

Answer 5

Propaganda is one-sided information to make the reader take action. In WWI, Hollywood made movies that showed one side of war and war bond posters presented a one-sided view. Propaganda stretches the truth or sometimes outright lies. Propaganda was used to fund and supply soldiers for the war, and make sure that the readers were on the government’s side.

Question 6

Great Migration

Answer 6

Between 1910 and 1920, over 500,000 African Americans left the South and moved North to fill factory jobs for WWI. Before the war, many Northern factory owners wouldn’t hire Blacks.

Question 7

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 7

The treaty that ended WWI. It blamed Germany for the war and forced Germany to pay huge reparations (money paid as an apology to help rebuild) - 33 billion to the Allied Nations. Germany had to pay for their part of the war in addition to the reparations and they didn’t have money to begin with. The treaty placed severe military restrictions on Germany. No more airplanes and tanks and a very small military total (only 100,000 men) for law enforcement only. Germany lost land (Allies took colonies and some land in Europe). Restrictions crippled German economy. -It failed because Germans felt bitter after taking unjust blame in the war, Germany didn’t get a say in the treaty, and the U.S never signed (because of the League of Nations). The treaty was a main cause of the rise of the nazi party in Germany, and the treaty favored the European allies.

Question 8

Zimmerman Telegram

Answer 8

In 1917, the British intercepted the Zimmerman Telegram - Germany offered to help Mexico get back their “lost territory” if they joined Germany and declare war on the U.S. Turns more Americans against Germany - President Wilson asks Congress for a declaration of war.

Question 9

Zimmerman Telegram

Answer 9

In 1917, the British intercepted the Zimmerman Telegram - Germany offered to help Mexico get back their “lost territory” if they joined Germany and declare war on the U.S. Turns more Americans against Germany - President Wilson asks Congress for a declaration of war.

Question 10

Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

Answer 10

The official start of WWI. Serbian nationalists kill the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Franz Ferdinand, in June 1914. Austria declares war on Serbia - Russia mobilizes their troops. to its borders with Austria and Germany. Germany freaks out and declares war on Russia - France comes to the aid of Russia. Great Britain comes to the aid of France, Russia, and Belgium.

Question 11

Russian Revolution

Answer 11

Russian people were starving as the war exhausted their resources. Communist (Bolsheviks) under Vladimer Lenin take control of Russia’s government. Communism is a form of socialism - the belief that all resources of a country should belong to the entire community. Communists take Russia out of WWI.

Question 12

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

Answer 12

U.S President Wilson proposed Fourteen Points, an outline for lasting world peace. It called for free trade, to limit the size of armies, and for nations to give up their colonies (right of people to govern themselves). His fourteenth point was the League of Nations. It would settle world disputes and would be made up of the countries around the world.

Question 13

Buying on the margin

Answer 13

Buying on the margin would be when the stock is paid off later with the profit from the stock when sold. However, if the stock’s value went down and you sold it, then you’d be in debt. People who bought stock on the margin at a higher price would be wiped out. Because now the stock price is very low and they can’t pay back their loan – people lose their life savings.

Question 14

Problems with the farm sector

Answer 14

Farmers were overproducing food, meaning that the cost went down. This caused many farms to shut down and go bankrupt, causing a shortage in food and contributing to the great depression.

Question 15

Food lines

Answer 15

People would stand in lines for hours to get food from charity organizations during the great depression.

Question 16

Unemployment

Answer 16

Many people were unemployed during the great depression, and these people made the economy go down and caused other people to become unemployed.

Question 17

Hoovervilles

Answer 17

These were shantytowns (cheap housing). They were known as Hoovervilles because President Hoover wouldn’t help all the poor and unemployed. This is because he believed it wasn’t the government’s job and should be left to charities to do.

Question 18

Stock Market Crash

Answer 18

Before the great depression, everyone was buying stocks on the margin, so the stock market went up. Company sales started to decline, so people started selling their stocks. On 10/29/1929, the stock market crashed and the great depression began. All of the people who bought on the margin lost their savings and were wiped out.

Question 19

Children in the Great Depression

Answer 19

Children often couldn’t go to school as it was either too expensive (school supplies or clothes) or they had to stay home and take care of younger children/work on the farm.

Question 20

FDR

Answer 20

Franklin Roosevelt won the election because no one liked Hover. Roosevelt started the new deal.

Question 21

New Deal

Answer 21

The new deal was a series of programs that were meant to end the great depression. Some new deal programs are still available today.

Question 22

Adolf Hitler

Answer 22

The chancellor (dictator) of Germany. Germany was suffering from the Depression much earlier (reparations) and Hitler promised to help. He started to go against the Treaty of Versailles (grew military) and was fascist (an extreme form of nationalism usually linked to racism). He was a part of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi Party) and was known as der Fuhrer (The Leader), early 1932.

Question 23

Joseph Stalin + Non-Aggression Pact

Answer 23

Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union. He signed the Non-Aggression pact in 1939 with Hitler, agreeing to not attack each other and divide the countries up. Hitler broke this pact and invaded the Soviet Union. Due to this, the Soviet Union joined WWII.

Question 24

Benito Mussolini

Answer 24

The prime minister (dictator) of Italy. Facism was born by II Duce, The Chief, 1922. Mussolini had a strong belief in nationalism - really fascism. He led his people to believe they were rebuilding the great Roman Empire.

Question 25

Winston Churchill

Answer 25

The British prime minister during WWII. He used the policy of “appeasement” at the Munich Conference, giving Hitler what he wanted (Sudetendland annexed by Germany) to avoid war.

Question 26

Axis and Allied Powers

Answer 26

Axis - the three “evil” countries of WWII - Italy, Germany, and Japan. Allied - the “good” guys in WWII - U.S, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union.

Question 27

Facism

Answer 27

An extreme form of nationalism usually linked to racism.

Question 28

Totalitarian/Absolutism

Answer 28

Absolute control by one group of individual.

Question 29

Dictator

Answer 29

Someone who assumes power over people and isn’t bound by laws/rules. Found in fascism.

Question 30

Germany

Answer 30

Led by Chancellor (dictator) Adolph Hitler. Helping the economy recover from economic issues. Fascism and militarism present in the government. Feelings of resentment towards the Treaty of Versailles. They hated the Treaty of Versailles as it made them lose land, pay $31 billion in reparations (leading to an earlier start of the Great Depression), put limits on their military (100,00 troops), and take the blame for WWI. Wanted to take back their land, stop paying the reparations, and grow their military again. Again the loss of land, money, and power. Hitler instilled a sense of pride and self-respect in them. The fascist Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party (Natzi) was led by Hitler. When they invaded Austria, it was seen as reuniting the Germany that was.

Question 31

Italy

Answer 31

Led by Prime Minister (dictator) Benito Mussili. He was also known as II Duce (the Chief) and created fascism (which he had a really strong belief in). He led his people to believe they were rebuilding the great Roman Empire and needed to expand Italy’s empire.

Question 32

Japan

Answer 32

General then Prime Minister (dictator) Hideki Tojo, 1941. Japan was an island and wanted to expand its control of resources (namely oil) - oil would feed the machines. As Japan had to go take the resources, they relied on their military to expand and imperialize (militarism).

Question 33

Soviet Union

Answer 33

Joseph Stalin (dictator) took power in 1924 after the death of Vladimer I. Lenin (who had led the Communist takeover of Russia in 1917). Under Stalin, the government tried to control every aspect of life in the nation and crush oppression. They joined WWII after Germany invaded them.

Question 34

Pearl Harbor

Answer 34

Japan planned to conquer the Dutch East Indies, a source of oil, and other Asian territories and believed only the U.S Navy stood in their way. So, on December 7, 1941, Japanese warplanes bombed Pearl Harbor (a huge American naval base). About 2,400 Americans -both servicemen and civilians- died. Many U.S warplanes and ships were destroyed or damaged, leaving the U.S fleet devastated. President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan.

Question 35

War Bonds:

Answer 35

War bonds are a loan from the people to the government which will be repaid with interest in time. The war bonds were a big success in WWI, so the government decided to bring them back. This helped raise money to fund the war. Hollywood supported the war bonds and used propaganda, making it successful because people related to them. Ethnic groups pulled together to support the war.

Question 36

Rationing

Answer 36

Unfortunately, wars cause shortages (because all the workers are pulled to do war stuff). The government knew that there probably wouldn’t be enough supplies to go around, so they created rationing. Every American citizen was given the same ration book (no matter their age or wealth). Commercial businesses were told to only accept ration tickets when selling rationed items. This backfired a bit because sneaky people illegally copied the tickets/stole them.

Question 37

Marshall Plan

Answer 37

An American initiative enacted in 1948 to provide economic assistance ($13.3 billion) to Western Europe to restore the economy after the end of WWII.

Question 38

United Nations

Answer 38

It was created to replace the League of Nations which haid failed (partly due to the U.S not joining). The U.N was created in October 1945 and had 51 nations (including U.S). There are currently 193 members with equal votes.

Question 39

Arms Race

Answer 39

A competition between the U.S and the Soviet Union for superiority in the development and accumulation of weapons.

-1949: Soviets build the atomic bomb (stolen info)
-1952: U.S develops the H-bomb
-1955: Soviets develop the H-bomb

Question 40

Space Race

Answer 40

A Cold War competition between the U.S and Soviet Union to develop aerospace capabilities, including artificial satellites, unmanned space probes, and human spaceflight. Space - the final frontier (who can do the coolest stuff first). The Soviet Union created Sputnik, the first artificial satellite. At first countries focused on satellite spying and missiles in space but transferred to the firsts.

Question 41

NATO

Answer 41

It worked in an “attack one attack all” sort of way, so countries wouldn’t be as fearful of an invasion. NATO was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It was created in 1949 by the U.S, Canada, and 10 western European countries. It provided collective security against the Soviet Union. NATO still exists. It supported democracy.

Question 42

Warsaw Pact

Answer 42

It worked in an “attack one attack all” sort of way, so countries wouldn’t be as fearful of an invasion. The Warsaw Pact was a collective defense treaty established by the Soviet Union and other Eastern European countries. It was created in 1955 as a response to NATO. The pact dissolved in 1991. It supported communism. It no longer exists today.

Question 43

Korean War

Answer 43

The Korean war was a direct result of WWII, where the country that controlled the territory (north/south Korea) created the new government. Korea was split at the 38th Parallel. North Korea was supported by the Soviet Union and later China (leader was Mao Zhong). South Korea was backed by the United States and other troops sent by the United Nations. The war began in June 1950 when North Korean forces (approved by Stalin) crossed the border (38th Parallel). At the beginning of the war, North Korea seemed to be winning. American forces, led by Macarthur, deployed a counter attack that pushed all the way to the border of China. In response, in November 1950, Chinese soldiers entered North Korea. This was significant because North Korea was supported by another communist country, and China became a larger threat to America. General Macarthur was general for the U.S and got fired for publicly criticizing President Truman. The war ended through truce talks, compromises, and threats (about nukes) from U.S President Eisenhower. However, there was no official peace treaty and the war ended in a stalemate, as no country was able to acquire more land. From there after, North and South Korea remain separated and the border is heavily guarded.

Question 44

Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 44

The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in 1962 when the Soviet Union began to install nuclear missiles in Cuba. The United States refused to allow this and, after thirteen tense days and many secret negotiations, the Soviet Union agreed to remove the missiles.

Question 45

Vietnam War

Answer 45

The Vietnamese didn’t like the French ruling them and wanted independence. Ho Chi Minh formed the Viet Minh to free Vietnam from foreign rule, which brought them into war with France. The U.S wanted to keep their relationship with France positive and stop communism’s spread so they sent aid. France was defeated at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu. In May 1954, France and the Viet Minh met for peace talks, resulting in the Geneva Accords which said Vietnam would be splitted at the 17th parallel. Ho Chi Min and communists controlled North Korea, and Ngo Dinh Diem and anti-communists controlled South Korea. The Viet Cong (formed of South Vietnamese loyal to the communists) and North Vietnamese soldiers fought to overthrow Diem, using a secret trail route. President Johnson wanted to do bombing raids against North Vietnam. Congress gave approval in 1964 after the Gulf of Tonkin incident (A U.S destroyer called Madox and another destroyer reported torpedo boats fired at them). In March 1965, Johnson began the bombing raids. Starting in 1965, more and more American troops arrived (policy of escalation). There was a stalemate for a long time. On January 30 and 31, 1968, the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong launched the Tet Offensive. This was a series of surprise attacks on U.S military bases and South Vietnamese towns. It was the turning point in the war because it made Americans doubt that they could be victorious. In 1969, Nixon began “vietnamization” (the gradual removal of U.S troops from South Vietnam to give most of the fighting back to the South Vietnamese). Despite this, he carried out secret bombing raids and cleared out communist camps in Cambodia. On January 27, 1973, the U.S and South Vietnam agreed to a ceasefire with North Vietnam and the Viet Cong (last American troops left in March 1973). Although the U.S was out of the war, the war continued in Vietnam and, in 1975, the North Vietnamese captured South Korea’s capital and renamed it Ho Chi Minh City. Vietnam was unified under a communist government. Left lots of damage.

Question 46

First Persian Gulf War

Answer 46

In 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait. Iraq wants to gain control of Kuwait’s oil wells. A group of countries, led by the USA and Saudi Arabia, attacked Iraq to force it to free Kuwait. Iraq loses after 2 months. Both Iraq and Kuwait badly damaged during war

Question 47

September 11 terrorist attacks

Answer 47

The U.S & NATO invade Afghanistan to take out al-Qaeda group responsible for the 9/11 attacks. Also sought to overthrow the Taliban government. Osama bin Laden killed in Pakistan in 2011

Question 48

WWI Dates

Answer 48

1914-1918

Question 49

WWII Dates

Answer 49

1939-1945

Question 50

Great Depression Dates

Answer 50

1929-1939

Question 51

End of WWII

Answer 51

WWII ended on V-J Day (victory in Japan), which was when Japan signed official surrender on September 2, 1945. This occurred after Hrioshima and Nagasaki were bombed.