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History: Germany > Second Reich collapse 1918-1919 > Flashcards

Second Reich collapse 1918-1919 Flashcards

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0
Q

What was the Reichstag ?

A

Parliment

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1
Q

Who was the Kaiser ?

A

“King of Germany”

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2
Q

What was the Reichstract ?

A

The government

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3
Q

Why was imperial Germany so economically developed ?

A

Many skilled German scientists that were ahead of their time creating products such as fertiliser

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4
Q

Why were working conditions so bad in Germany ?

A

Extreme industrialisation left workers rights behind

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5
Q

When did the Kaiser hand over his power to the Reichstag ?

A

September 1918

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6
Q

Who advised the Kaiser to give up his power completely ?

A

Ludendorff & Hindenburg

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7
Q

Why did Ludendorff & Hindenburg advise the Kaiser to step down completely ?

A
  • could blame loss of WW1 on next people in power
  • Lenient treatment from Allies in TOV
  • Public frustration due to poor working conditions
  • Could have been a revolution risking their lives
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8
Q

When was the Kiel Mutiny ?

A

November 1918

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9
Q

What happened in the Kiel Mutiny ?

A

Naval soldiers mutinied against orders and instead set up a soviet in Kiel

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10
Q

What was significant about the Kiel Mutiny ?

A

Many other important cities followed creating local governments which were more respected than Prince Max’s

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11
Q

Who was Prince Max ?

A

Leader of the interim government after the Kaiser had handed power to the Reichstag

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12
Q

Why was the Kaiser forced to fully step down from power ?

A

Because Prince Max tried to open talks with Allies but they wouldn’t comply until the Kaiser had completely gone. Outcry in the streets followed

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13
Q

When did the Kaiser step down ?

A

9th November 1918

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14
Q

After the Kaiser had stepped down what changed in the interim government ?

A

It made way for the leaders of the local soviets as they were better respected and had greater power

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15
Q

Who became the leader of the interim government after the soviets had taken control ?

A

Friedrich Ebert

16
Q

What was the Ebert-Groener pact of November 1918 ?

A

Army promised to combat the threat of Bolshevism if the government upheld discipline in the Army

17
Q

What was the Stinnes-Legien agreement of November1918 ?

A

A long-term demand of the trade unions, 8 hour day, was agreed

17
Q

Why was the November armistice important ?

A

Because the German army became frustrated with the German government and therefore made it difficult to know whether they would serve them . Hence why the German government formed the Freikorps

18
Q

What was the Freikorps ?

A

A privately organised military to maintain order in Germany as the Army were unreliable

19
Q

Why did people join the Freikorps ?

A

Mercenary reasons & Fear of Marxism

21
Q

Why did the socialists now in charge split apart ?

A

Because they all realised that Germany’s future was now in their hands and they all wanted to change it their way precisely

22
Q

How many soldiers were in the Freikorps ?

A

400,000

23
Q

What were now the 3 different types of socialist party ?

A

SPD
KPD
Independent socialists

24
Q

What did the SPD want ?

A

Socialism with democratic principles

25
Q

What did he KPD want ?

A

Hardcore Marxism

26
Q

What did the Independent Socialists want ?

A

Hardcore Marxism

27
Q

What was agreed between all 3 socialist groups ?

A

A National Assembly would be held to decide the new government or committee which would be expected to create the new Weimar constitution

28
Q

Which type of parties did the best in the National Assembly ?

A

Democratic favoured

29
Q

What % did democratic parties win in the National Assembly ?

A

76.9%

30
Q

What was the belief many held why democratic parties did so well ?

A

Democratic parties favoured by the Allies which would result in more lenient treatment from them in the TOV

31
Q

What were the 3 most influential and important parts of the Weimar constitution ?

A

Article 48
Proportional representation
Citizens rights

History: Germany (16 decks)

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