Germany at War 1939-1945 Flashcards

0
Q

What countries did Germany capture between 1939-41 using Blitzkrieg ?

A

Norway, Holland, Poland, Belgium, France, Finland, parts of Russia

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1
Q

What was Blitzkrieg ?

A

A tactic used by the Germans in WW2 where bombing and tanks struck first into an area then troops would follow in behind

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2
Q

When was Hitler at the Height of his power ?

A

1942

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3
Q

When was the Battle of Stalingrad ?

A

1942-43

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4
Q

When was the Battle of Kursk ?

A

1943

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5
Q

What were the Name of the Battles that Germany lost in Africa and when were they ?

A

Tunis ( May 1943 ) & El Alamein ( October 1942 )

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6
Q

When did Germany start to be bombed ?

A

May 1943

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7
Q

When was Itlay taken over by the Allies ?

A

July 1943

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8
Q

When was D-Day ?

A

June 1944

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9
Q

When did Germany start to fight on two fronts ?

A

Spring 1945

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10
Q

When did Hitler commit suicide ?

A

April 1945

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11
Q

When did the Soviets enter and slaughter Germans ?

A

May 1945

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12
Q

Who replaced Hitler as a public figure for Germany as the war progressed ?

A

Josef Goebbels

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13
Q

During the War what were the few organisations that opposed Nazism ?

A

Communists
“White Rose” group
“Kreisau Circle”
“Beck-Goerdeler”

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14
Q

Who were the “White-Rose” group ?

A

Group of students from Munich University, they distributed anti-nazi leaflets and spread anti-nazi graffiti

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15
Q

What happened to the “White-Rose” group ?

A

Arrested & executed in 1943

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16
Q

Who were the “Kreisau circle” ?

A

A discussion group who knew Nazi would fall so planned the democratic future of Germany

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17
Q

Who were the “Beck-Goerdeler” ?

A

Old-fashioned upper class that also knew Nazism would fall and planned to assassinate Hitler

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18
Q

What was the July- plot ?

A

Close Supporters to the Beck-Groedeler in the army planted a bomb at a Nazi conference. 4 killed but Hitler only seriously injured

19
Q

What year was the July-plot ?

A

1944

20
Q

How did Germany use the captured countries of Europe ?

A
  1. Gained access to new food supplies and raw materials
  2. Used their military equipment
  3. Took civilians to work in slave labour
21
Q

What did France & Romania provide once Germany had taken it over ?

A
France = coal & iron
Romania = oil
22
Q

Which countries military equipment was taken and used by the Germans ?

A

France till 1945

23
Q

What companies used slave labour ?

A

BMW & Krupps

24
Q

How many slave labourers were there in Germany by 1944 ?

A

8 million

25
Q

What % did slave labourers make up of the German workforce in total ?

A

20%

26
Q

How did the SS use prisoners of war ?

A

They used prisoners of war to work in concentration camps, eventually it built up so much that they had their own companies

27
Q

What was the problem with the slave labourers ?

A

Few were skilled

28
Q

Who was Albert Speer ?

A

Armaments minister 1942-1945

29
Q

What did Albert Speer do that was so great for Germany during the war ?

A

He kept Germany in the war for longer, he did this by organising Germany’s resources. He made more efficiency of the Slave labourers

30
Q

How many soldiers fought in WW2 ?

A

16 million

31
Q

How many German soldiers were KIA ?

A

3 million

32
Q

How many soldiers were taken prisoner in WW2?

A

1.5 million

33
Q

What was the pattern of air raids on Germany by the Allies ?

A

America by day, Britain by night

34
Q

How many civilians were killed by air raids ?

A

300,000

35
Q

How many civilians were homeless as a result of air raids ?

A

7 million

36
Q

Where did the infamous fire bombings take place ?

A

Hamburg & Dresden

37
Q

Because they feared soviet persecution after defeat, how many German civilians moved to west Germany safe from them ?

A

5 million

38
Q

How many women were raped by Soviets in Berlin ?

A

100,000

39
Q

Why was it difficult for women in WW2 ?

A

They had to feed children and clothe them despite rations and they were expected to work

40
Q

What were the main reasons why Germany lost the war ?

A

Economic comparison to enemies
Effective allied fighting
Hitlers mistakes
Bombing of Germany

41
Q

What made it clear that the USA and Allies were stronger than Germany economically ?

A

The USA could provide not only for its own economy but for the Allies also .

42
Q

How many tanks did USA produce between 1939-45 compared to Germany ?

A
USA = 105,000
GERMANY = 61,000
43
Q

What were key allied fighting advancement’s ?

A

D-Day

Mistakes made, but lessons learnt by the Soviets and British

44
Q

What were Hitlers 4 great mistakes ?

A
  1. Assumed that after invasions Britain would back down
  2. He thought that Russia would be a pushover
  3. He declared war on USA when they possibly might not have
  4. Underestimated the mass economic production of USA
  5. He carried on fighting at Stalingrad when they were besieged
45
Q

How did the Anglo-Ameircan bombing lead to Germany’s defeat ?

A
  1. Cut factory output in later stages of war by 20%
    - 1. Few resources as they had all been destroyed had to be used to construct factories
  2. Luftwaffe had to be used to protect skies not to be used in combat
46
Q

Was it an “Allied victory or a German defeat” ?

A

You decide in the exam