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Science > Second Periodical Test > Flashcards

Second Periodical Test Flashcards

1
Q

What should be done if a citizen has a cold before giving a DNA sample?

A

Any citizen with a cold should not give a sample.

This safeguard helps prevent the spread of illness and ensures the integrity of the sample.

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2
Q

What is a proposed safeguard regarding the tools used for taking DNA samples?

A

A new scraper should be used for each citizen.

This practice minimizes the risk of contamination between samples.

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3
Q

What is one of the proposed safeguards regarding health monitoring?

A

The blood pressure of each citizen should be measured.

Monitoring blood pressure can help ensure the safety of citizens during the sample collection process.

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4
Q

What precaution should nurses take when collecting DNA samples?

A

Nurses taking the samples should wear safety gloves.

Wearing gloves is essential for maintaining hygiene and preventing contamination.

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5
Q

What is the probability that two people (except identical twins) will have the same DNA profile?

A

1 in 100 million

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6
Q

According to Gina, when is a person’s DNA made up?

A

At conception

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7
Q

What did Anna say about how DNA can change?

A

DNA can be altered by mutations

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8
Q

What did Tom explain about how a person receives their DNA?

A

Each person gets a new mix of DNA from each parent

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9
Q

Which students provided correct explanations about DNA variety?

A

B. Anna and Tom, but not Gina

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10
Q

What is a key characteristic of red blood cells?

A

Has no nucleus

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11
Q

What is a key characteristic of white blood cells?

A

Has a nucleus

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12
Q

What liquid do cells float in within the blood?

A

Plasma

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: DNA is to be extracted from a blood sample and from _______.

A

cheek scrapings

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14
Q

Why will DNA be found in both blood samples and cheek scrapings?

A

B. Both samples contain cells with nuclei

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15
Q

True or False: Red blood cells contain nuclei.

A

False

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16
Q

What is DNA?

A

A chemical substance that contains the instructions to build our bodies

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) carries genetic information essential for the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of living organisms.

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17
Q

According to the article, what is the chance that two people will have the same DNA profile, except for identical twins?

A

1 in 100 million

This statistic highlights the uniqueness of individual DNA profiles among the general population.

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18
Q

Who correctly explained the variety of DNA?

A

B. Anna and Tom, but not Gina

Anna’s explanation about mutations and Tom’s explanation about inheritance are accurate, while Gina’s claim that DNA is not inherited is incorrect.

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: DNA can be altered by _______.

A

[mutations]

Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can lead to variations in genetic traits.

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20
Q

What did Gina claim about a person’s DNA?

A

That it is made up at conception and is not inherited

This statement is incorrect; DNA is indeed inherited from both parents.

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21
Q

Which student said that each person gets a new mix of DNA from their parents?

A

Tom

This reflects the biological process of genetic recombination during reproduction.

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22
Q

Which piece of laboratory equipment would you need to check that the fabric is conducting electricity?

A

A. Voltmeter

A voltmeter measures electrical potential difference, making it suitable for checking conductivity in fabrics.

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23
Q

What does DNA profiling help police scientists accomplish in a criminal investigation?

A

It helps to identify suspects by comparing DNA samples from a crime scene to databases of convicted criminals.

DNA profiles are unique to individuals, making them a powerful tool in forensic science.

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24
Q

What was the outcome when the police compared the DNA profile from the blood sample found at the crime scene?

A

No match was found in the database of convicted criminals.

This indicates that the blood may belong to a suspect not previously known to law enforcement.

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25
Q

How do police scientists extract DNA from individuals for profiling?

A

By taking a harmless scraping from the inside of the cheek.

This method is non-invasive and allows for the collection of sufficient DNA for profiling.

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26
Q

What is the likelihood that two people have the same DNA profile, excluding identical twins?

A

1 in 100 million chance.

This rarity underscores the uniqueness of individual DNA profiles in forensic investigations.

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27
Q

Fill in the blank: Police are asking citizens to come forward to have their _______ analysed.

A

DNA

This request aims to gather potential evidence that could lead to identifying the killer.

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28
Q

True or False: A sound meter is used to check if fabric conducts electricity.

A

False

A sound meter measures sound levels, not electrical conductivity.

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29
Q

What is the primary purpose of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)?

A

To assess educational systems worldwide by testing the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students.

PISA evaluates how well students can apply their knowledge to real-world problems.

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30
Q

Which piece of laboratory equipment would NOT be used to check fabric conductivity?

A

B. Sound Meter

A sound meter is irrelevant in the context of measuring electrical properties.

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31
Q

What type of crime was reported in Smithville?

A

A man died from multiple stab wounds.

This incident highlights the severity of violent crime in the area.

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32
Q

What does the scientist claim about the material’s ability to withstand washing?

A

The material can be washed without being damaged

This claim can be tested through scientific investigation.

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33
Q

Can the material be wrapped around objects without being damaged?

A

Yes

This claim can be tested through scientific investigation.

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34
Q

Can the material be scrunched up without being damaged?

A

Yes

This claim can be tested through scientific investigation.

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35
Q

Can the material be mass-produced cheaply?

A

Yes

This claim can be tested through scientific investigation.

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36
Q

True or False: The material can be mass-produced at a high cost.

A

False

The scientist claims it can be mass-produced cheaply.

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37
Q

Converts sound wave to audio-frequency signal

A

microphone

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38
Q

magnify/increases energy of modulated carrier wave

A

amplifier

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39
Q

produces radio frequency carrier wave

A

radio frequency oscillator

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40
Q

transforms AF signal and RF carrier wave to a modulated carrier wave

A

modulator

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41
Q

transmits and receives radio wave

A

antenna

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42
Q

converts AF signal to sound energy

A

speaker

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43
Q

selects the frequency of a station desired

A

tuner

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44
Q

extracts AF signal from modulated carrier wave

A

demodulator

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45
Q

process of radio communication

A

microphone - modulator - antenna - demodulator - amplifier - speaker

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46
Q

Radio Broadcasting and Communication process

A

microphone - modulator - amplitude modulation/ frequency modulation - transmitting/ receiving antenna - demodulator - amplifier - speaker

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47
Q

used in satelitte communication

A

microwaves

48
Q

used to locate, track, recognize, or detect object within a range

A

radar (microwaves)

49
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

mobile phone communication

A

microwaves

50
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

used to cook or heat food

A

microwaves

51
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

photographs taken from satellite with special films

A

Infrared

52
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

scanners that show temperature variation
medical diagnosis
remote controls
night vision goggles
auto focus cameras

A

Infrared

53
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

phototherapy
fiber optics (communication)
red emergency light of cars

A

Visible light

54
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

helps body produce vitamin D (for body calcium absorption)
Too much may lead to skin cancer
used in checking signature on passbook
sterilizing water from drinking fountains
disinfect toilets
disrupts the reproductive abilities of bacteria and viruses

A

Ultraviolet Rays

55
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

(long wavelength) - penetrate the flesh but not the bones
- diagnosing bone fractures and tumors
(short wavelength) - can penetrate even through metals
- inspect welded joints for faults

A

X-rays

56
Q

WHAT IS THE EFFECT?

Too much exposure to X-ray

A

damage body tissues and cancer

57
Q

Medical Use of X-rays

A

Radiographic imaging
Computed tomography scan

58
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

are so strong it can kill living cells
used to treat cancer through radiotherapy
sterilization of drinking water

A

Gamma rays

59
Q

Difference of Chemotherapy and Radiation

A

Chemotherapy
- typically given intravenously
- stops cell division
- absorbed through entire system

Radiation
- localized treatment
- uses high energy beams to target tumor itself

60
Q

True or False

All life is dependent on small doses of EM radiation

A

True

61
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

photosynthesis on plants

A

UV radiation

62
Q

process through which energy travels in the form of waves or particles through space of other medium

A

Radiation

63
Q

True or False

Biological cell proliferation and differentiation cannot be affected by both AC and DC magnetic fields

A

False

64
Q

Common sources of electromagnetic fields

A

solar radiation
electric current
antennas

65
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

camera autofocusing

A

Infrared

66
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

Chatting in messenger

A

Microwave

67
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

Checking bank book signature

A

Ultraviolet Ray

68
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

Diagnosis of bone structure

A

X-ray

69
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

Listening to your favorite radio station

A

Radio wave

70
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

Sterilization of water in drinking fountains

A

UV ray

71
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

Treating cancer

A

Gamma ray

72
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

Watching NBA via satellite

A

Microwave

73
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

Using red emergency light of cars

A

Visible light

74
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

Using optic fibers in wirings

A

Visible light

75
Q

Application of Radio waves

A

Radio broadcasting

76
Q

band frequency suitable for communication over great distances

A

low frequency

77
Q

What vibrates inside the food to make friction

A

water

78
Q

Effect of Gamma rays on living things

A

High doses can kill living cells
Lower doses can cause cancer in cells

79
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

Treating tumors
sterilizing medical tools

A

Gamma ray

80
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

MRI, GPS

A

Radio waves

81
Q

Effect of Infrared on living things

A

causes burning of tissues

82
Q

Effects of Visible light on living things

A

Activates sensitive cells in the retina

83
Q

Effects of UV on living things

A

High doses can kill living cells

84
Q

Effect of Microwave on living things

A

heating of water in tissues can cause burning

85
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

penetrate solids
used in doctor’s offices and airports

A

X-rays

86
Q

is the distance between one points of a wave to the same point in the next wave

A

Wavelength

87
Q

number of waves per unit of time

A

Frequency

88
Q

occur when the motion of the medium is parallel to the direction of the wave

A

Longitudinal waves

89
Q

have a color spectrum known as ROYGBIV

A

Visible waves

90
Q

These waves disturb matter and needs a medium to propagate

A

Mechanical waves

91
Q

top of a wave

A

Crest

92
Q

bottom of a wave

A

Trough

93
Q

maximum distance that matter is displaced from the resting position

A

Amplitude

94
Q

These waves are produced by stars and galaxies

A

EM waves

95
Q

occur when motion of the medium is at the right angles (perpendicular) to the direction of the wave

A

transverse waves

96
Q

highest energy in the visible light spectrum

A

violet

97
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

utilized by insects to locate nectar

A

Ultraviolet waves

98
Q

lowest energy in the visible light spectrum

A

Red

99
Q

Identify the type of EM wave

have the shortest wavelength and highest frequency

A

Gamma

100
Q

Pick the wave with higher frequency

Visible light / Microwaves

A

Visible light

101
Q

Pick the wave with higher frequency

Gamma ray / radio wave

A

Gamma ray

102
Q

Pick the wave with higher frequency

Green light / Yellow light

A

Green light

103
Q

Pick the wave with higher frequency

Infrared wave / Ultraviolet

A

Ultraviolet

104
Q

EM waves spectrum from longest wavelengths to shortest

A

Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible light, Ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma rays

105
Q

speed of light in a vacuum

A

3.0 x 10^8 m/s

106
Q

When looking at the image of an object placed in front of a plane mirror, where is the image?

A

behind the mirror surface

107
Q

contributed in developing equations that showed the relationship of electricity and magnetism

A

Maxwell

108
Q

Showed experimental evidence of electromagnetic waves and their link to light

A

Hertz

109
Q

Demonstrated the magnetic effect based on the direction of current

A

Ampere

110
Q

Formulated the principle behind electromagnetic induction

A

Faraday

111
Q

Showed how a current carrying wire behaves like a magnet

A

Oersted

112
Q

The ray of light approaching the mirror

A

Incident ray

113
Q

The ray of light which leaves the mirror

A

Reflected ray

114
Q

An imaginary line that can be drawn perpendicular to the surface of the mirror at the point of incidence where the ray strikes the mirror

A

Normal line

115
Q

True or False

The normal line, incident ray, and reflected ray lie on the same plane

A

True

Science (2 decks)

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