Post test First Sem Flashcards by PJ B. Azucena

Q

Layers of the Earth’s lithosphere

A

Crust and upper part of the mantle

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Q

Thickness of crust

A

5-50km

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Q

The crust is thickest at _______ and thinnest along _______

A

relatively young mountain; ocean floor

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Q

_______ crust is thicker but less dense while ________ crust is thinner but denser

A

Continental crust; Oceanic crust

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Q

True or False

Plates move slowly but constantly and this movement is called tectonics.

A

True

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Q

The theory of moving lithospheric plates is called _________

A

Plate Tectonics

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Q

Finding the epicenter of the earthquake using the records of its arrival time from three recording stations

A

Triangulation method

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Q

Types of Plate Boundaries

A

Divergent, Convergent, Transform

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Q

Describe plate movement

Divergent boundary

A

Plates move apart

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Q

Describe plate movement

Convergent

A

Plates move towards each other

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Q

Describe plate movement

Transform

A

Plates slide or grind past each other

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Q

Best example of transform plate boundary

A

San Andreas fault
(bounded by the North American plate and Pacific plate)

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Q

Identify the plate boundary

Philippine plate and Eurasian plate

A

Convergent

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Q

Three types of Convergent plate boundary

A

Continental : Oceanic
Continental : Continental
Oceanic : Oceanic

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Q

Identify the type of Convergent plate boundary

Formation of Volcanic Arc

A

Continental : Oceanic

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Q

Identify the type of Convergent plate boundary

Formation of Volcanic Island Arc

A

Oceanic: Oceanic

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Q

What causes the magma to become less dense hence allowing it rise?

A

Volatile material such as water

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Q

Identify the type of plate boundary

Earthquakes

A

Convergent, Divergent, Transform

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Q

Identify the type of plate boundary

Conservative

A

Transform

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Q

Identify the type of plate boundary

Destructive

A

Divergent

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Q

Identify the type of plate boundary

Constructive

A

Convergent

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Q

Identify the type of plate boundary

Philippine archipelago

A

Oceanic : Oceanic
Convergent plate boundary

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Q

Identify the type of Convergent plate boundary

Formations of trenches

A

Oceanic : Oceanic
Continental : Oceanic

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Q

Which plate subducts?
Oceanic or Continental

A

Oceanic

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Define subduction

Bending of crust towards the mantle

Identify the type of Convergent plate boundary Formation of collision zone

Continental : Continental

Identify the type of Convergent plate boundary Formation of mountain ranges

Continental : Continental

Best example of Continental : Continental Convergent plate boundary

The Himalayas

Identify the type of plate boundary Formation of rift valleys

Divergent

Identify the type of plate boundary Formation of mid-ocean ridge/Oceanic ridges

Divergent

Where are most divergent boundaries situated along?

Underwater mountain ranges called oceanic ridges

What is produced in a divergent plate boundary?

New ocean floor

Spreading rate at ridges

2-20cm per year

Example of spreading center which causes divergence of the South American plate and the African plate

Mid-Atlantic Ocean ridge

What plate boundary resembles strike slip fault?

Transform

Vibration of Earth due to the rapid release of energy

Earthquakes

A break in a rock along which movement has occurred

Fault

Any break in a rock in which no significant movement has taken place

Fracture

Device used to record earthquake waves

Seismograph

Depression in the seafloor produced by subduction process

Trench

Three layers of the Earth

Crust, Mantle, Core

Energy radiating in all directions from the focus in the form of waves

Seismic waves

2 main types of seismic waves

Body waves and Surface waves

Identify the type of wave Only travel through the surface of the Earth

Surface waves

Identify the type of wave Only travel through the surface of the Earth

Surface waves

Identify the type of wave Arrives after P and S waves

Surface waves

Identify the type of wave Two types of surface waves

Love waves and Rayleigh waves

Identify the type of wave Faster than Rayleigh wave and moves the ground in a side to side horizontal motion

Love waves

Identify the type of wave Causes the most damage to structures during earthquake

Love waves

Identify the type of wave rolls along the ground like a wave and moves the ground either ups and down or side to side similar direction to the wave's movement

Rayleigh waves

Identify the type of wave Most of the shaking felt from an earthquake is due to this wave

Rayleigh wave

Identify the type of wave Travels through Earth's inner layers

Body waves

Identify the type of wave Have higher frequency than surface waves

Body waves

Identify the type of wave Two types of Body waves

P waves and S waves

Identify the type of wave Pulse energy that travels quickly through the Earth and through liquids

P waves

True or False P waves travel faster than S waves

True

Identify the type of wave Also called compressional waves Travel by particles vibrating parallel to the direction the wave travel

P waves

Identify the type of wave Force the ground to move backward and forward as they are compressed and expanded

P waves

Identify the type of wave Travels through solid liquid and gas

P waves

Identify the type of wave Pulse energy that travels slower than P waves through Earth and solids

S waves

Identify the type of wave Move as shear or transverse waves and force the ground to sway from side to side in rolling motion that shakes the ground back and forth perpendicular to the direction of the waves

S waves

What led the seismologists to the idea that the outer core is liquid?

S waves cannot travel through liquids

Point in the Earth's surface directly above the focus

Epicenter

Thinnest and outermost layer of the Earth and its thickness

Crust (32-72km)

Thickness of continental crust

35-40 km

Thickness of continental crust

35-40 km

Thickness of oceanic crust

7-10 km

Continental crust is made of less dense rocks such as ________

granite

Oceanic crust is made of dense rocks such as ________

Basalt

Which is heavier? Oceanic or Continental

Oceanic

Matle is mainly made up of _______

Silicate rocks

Thickness of mantle

2900km

True or False Mantle is liquid

False Mantle is solid

Thickness of lithosphere

50-100km

Soft weak upper portion of the mantle beneath the lithosphere

Asthenosphere

Thickness of core and its composition

2250 km Made up of iron and nickel

Thickness and composition of inner core

1300km Solid iron and nickel

Process solidifying liquids subjected under tremendous pressure

Pressure freezing

Hot, less dense material from below the Earth's crust rises towards the surface at the mid-ocean ridge

Seafloor spreading theory

Boundary that separates crust and mantle

Mohorovicic Discontinuity

Movements that shape the Earth's crust

Tectonics

Current in the mantle because of the heat from the inner layers of the Earth, and is the force that drives the plates to move around

convection current

Which two waves lie at the end of the visible spectrum?

Infrared and UV rays

In the visible spectrum, which color has the longest wavelength?

Red

Which property spells the difference between infrared and UV radiation?

wavelength

What EM wave is used in radar?

Microwaves

What EM wave is used in radar?

Microwaves

Disturbance that transfers energy

wave

Who formulated the Electromagnetic wave Theory? (states that an oscillating electric current should be capable of radiating energy in the form of electromagnetic waves)

James Clerk Maxwell

Relationship of wavelength, frequency, and energy in the EM spectrum

wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional while frequency and energy are directly proportional

number of cycles a wave completes in one second, expressed in Hertz

Frequency

distance measured from one crest of a wave to the next crest or from one trough to the second trough

Wavelength