Second Half Flashcards
What is the hilum of the lung
medial depression
What are the fissures of the lung?
oblique fissure and horizontal fissure
What is the mediastinum?
region between the two pleural sacs
Describe the composition of the pericardium
outer layer = fibrous pericardium (dense)
inner layer = serous pericardium (parietal layer and visceral layer (epicardium))
what does the azygos vein drain?
right intercostals. Left intercostal veins drain into hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins
OIAI of Orbicularis Oculi
ORIGIN: medial wall of the orbit
INSERTION: circular path around orbit
ACTION: closes eye
INNERVATION: facial nerve
OIAI of Orbicularis oris
ORIGIN: muscle fibres surrounding mouth opening
INSERTION: skin at the corner of the mouth
ACTION: kissing motion, compress lips against teeth, shapes lips during speech
INNERVATION: facial nerve
OIAI of Masseter
ORIGIN: zygomatic arch
INSERTION: angle and ramus of mandible
ACTION: elevates mandible
INNERVATION: mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
OIAI of Temporalis
ORIGIN: temporal fossa
INSERTION: coronoid process and ramus of mandible
ACTION: elevates and retracts mandible
INNERVATION: mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
OIAI of Buccinator
ORIGIN: alveolar process of maxilla and mandible and pterygomandibular ligament
INSERTION: orbicularis oris muscle
ACTION: whistling, blowing, sucking movements, draws corner of the mouth laterally to assist in chewing
INNERVATION: facial nerve
OIAI of Sternocleidomastoid
ORIGIN: anterior portion of manubrium, medial 1/3 of clavicle
INSERTION: mastoid process of temporal bone
ACTION: flexion and lateral flexion of the cervical spine, rotation of head to the opposite side, forced inspiration
INNERVATION: accessory nerve
OIAI of Scalenes
ORIGIN: transverse process of cervical vertebrae
SA: C3-C6
SM: C2-C7
SP: C4-C6
INSERTION:
SA: scalene tubercle of Rib 1
SM: upper surface of Rib 1
SP: outer surface of Rib 2
ACTION: forced inspiration (elevation of first 2 ribs), flexion and lateral flexion of cervical spine
INNERVATION: lower cervical spine nerves
AI of Iliocostalis
ACTION: extends and laterally flexes vertebral column, rotation of column to same side
INNERVATION: posterior rami of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves
AI of Longissimus
ACTION: extends and laterally flexes vertebral column, rotation of column to same side
INNERVATION: posterior rami of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves
AI of Spinalis
ACTION: extends vertebral column
INNERVATION: posterior rami of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves
List the 3 major grooves in the heart
coronary sulcus, posterior/anterior interventricular grooves
where do the coronary arteries branch off of?
ASCENDING aorta
What does the left coronary artery branch into?
circumflex artery and anterior interventricular artery
What does the right coronary artery branch into?
posterior interventricular artery and marginal artery
Describe the veins that run through the 3 grooves
anterior interventricular groove: great cardiac vein
posterior interventricular groove: middle cardiac vein
coronary sulcus: coronary sinus
What are the auricles?
evaginations of the atria by the aorta
List the valves
Right atrioventricular: tricuspid
Left atrioventricular: bicuspid (mitral)
pulmonary semilunar
aortic semilunar
what is the depression between the atria?
fossa ovalis (formerly foramen ovale)
What muscles are in the RA and auricles?
pectinate muscles
What are the ridges of the ventricular walls called?
trabeculae carnae
What connects the valves to the walls? what is the special muscle in the RV?
chordae tendinae, and papillary muscles. Moderator band in the RV goes from papillary muscle to interventricular septum
OIAI of Gluteus maximus
ORIGIN: ilium between iliac crest and posterior gluteal line, lateral portion of sacrum and coccyx
INSERTION: iliotibial tract (upper fibres) and gluteal tuberosity of femur (lower fibres)
ACTION: extension, hyperextension, lateral rotation and abduction of thigh, extension of trunk
INNERVATION: inferior gluteal nerve
OIAI of Tensor fasciae latae
ORIGIN: anterior superior iliac spine
INSERTION: iliotibial tract
ACTION: medial rotation, abduction, flexion of thigh
INNERVATION: superior gluteal nerve
OIAI of Gluteus medius
ORIGIN: outer surface of ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines
INSERTION: greater trochanter of femur
ACTION: abduction of thigh
INNERVATION: superior gluteal nerve
OIAI of Gluteus minimus
ORIGIN: outer surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
INSERTION: greater trochanter of femur
ACTION: abduction of thigh
INNERVATION: superior gluteal nerve
OIAI of Piriformis
ORIGIN: anterior surface of the sacrum and margin of the greater sciatic foramen
INSERTION: greater trochanter of femur
ACTION: lateral rotation, extension, and abduction of thigh
INNERVATION: branches from first and second sacral roots
OIAI of Obturator internus
ORIGIN: obturator membrane and inner wall of pelvis surrounding the obturator foramen
INSERTION: medial side of greater trochanter of the femur
ACTION: lateral rotation of thigh
INNERVATION: branches of the sacral plexus
OIAI of Superior Gemellus
ORIGIN: spine of ischium
INSERTION: medial surface of greater trochanter
ACTION: lateral rotation of thigh
INNERVATION: branches from sacral plexus
OIAI of Inferior gemellus
ORIGIN: tuberosity of the ischium
INSERTION: joins tendon of obturator internus to attach to greater trochanter of femur
ACTION: lateral rotation of thigh
INNERVATION: branches from sacral plexus
OIAI of Quadratus femoris
ORIGIN: tuberosity of ischium
INSERTION: upper part of intertrochanteric crest of femur
ACTION: lateral rotation of thigh
INNERVATION: branches from sacral plexus
OIAI of Obturator externus
ORIGIN: medial 2/3 of external surface of obturator membrane and adjacent pubis and ischium
INSERTION: trochanteric fossa of femur
ACTION: lateral rotation of thigh
INNERVATION: obturator nerve
OIAI of Biceps femoris
ORIGIN: long head: tuberosity of ischium
short head: linea aspera of femur
INSERTION: head of fibula
ACTION: long head: extension and lateral rotation of thigh
both heads: flexion of leg, lateral rotation of flexed leg
INNERVATION: tibial and common fibular nerve
OIAI of Semitendinosus
ORIGIN: tuberosity of ischium
INSERTION: upper part of medial surface of tibia
ACTION: extension of thigh, flexion of leg, medial rotation of flexed leg
INNERVATION: tibial nerve
OIAI of Semimembranosus
ORIGIN: tuberosity of ischium
INSERTION: posteromedial aspect of medial condyle of tibia
ACTION: extension of thigh, flexion of leg, medial rotation of flexed leg
INNERVATION: tibial nerve
OIAI of Sartorius
ORIGIN: anterior superior iliac spine
INSERTION: upper part of medial surface of tibia
ACTION: flexion, abduction and lateral rotation of thigh, flexion of leg, medial rotation of flexed leg
INNERVATION: femoral nerve
OIAI of Gracilis
ORIGIN: body and inferior ramus of pubis
INSERTION: upper part of medial surface of tibia
ACTION: adduction of thigh, flexion of leg, medial rotation of flexed leg
INNERVATION: obturator nerve
OIAI of Iliopsoas
ORIGIN:
INSERTION:
ACTION:
INNERVATION:
OIAI of Rectus femoris
ORIGIN: anterior inferior iliac spine and area above acetabulum
INSERTION: base of patella
ACTION: extension of leg, flexion of thigh
INNERVATION: femoral nerve
OIAI of Vastus medialis
ORIGIN: lower part of intertrochanteric line, medial part of linea aspera
INSERTION: medial border of patella
ACTION: extension of leg
INNERVATION: femoral nerve
OIAI of Vastus lateralis
ORIGIN: greater trochanter, upper half of linea aspera of femur
INSERTION: lateral border and base of patella
ACTION: extension of leg
INNERVATION: femoral nerve
OIAI of Vastus intermedius
ORIGIN: upper 2/3 of lateral and anterior surface of the femur
INSERTION: base of patella
ACTION: extension of leg
INNERVATION: femoral nerve
OIAI of Pectineus
ORIGIN: superior ramus of pubis
INSERTION: posterior surface of femur below lesser trochanter
ACTION: flexion and adduction of thigh
INNERVATION: femoral and obturator nerve
OIAI of Adductor brevis
ORIGIN: inferior ramus of pubis
INSERTION: linea aspera (upper half)
ACTION: adduction, medial rotation of thigh
INNERVATION: obturator nerve
OIAI of Adductor longus
ORIGIN: front of pubis between pubic crest and pubic symphysis
INSERTION: linea aspera of femur (middle third)
ACTION: adduction, medial rotation of thigh
INNERVATION: obturator nerve
OIAI of Adductor magnus
ORIGIN: inferior ramus of pubis and ischial tuberosity
INSERTION: medial linea aspera and along a line extending inferiorly to the adductor tubercle of the femur
ACTION: upper fibres: flexion; lower fibres: medial rotation; all fibres: adduction
INNERVATION: obturator and sciatic nerves
OIAI of the Gastrocnemius
ORIGIN: Posterior surface of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur
INSERTION: Posterior surface of calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon (achilles)
ACTION: Plantar flexion of the foot and flexion of the leg
INNERVATION: Tibial nerve
OIAI of the Soleus
ORIGIN: posterior surface of upper 1/3 of fibula; soleal line and middle 1/3 of medial border of tibia
INSERTION: Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
ACTION: plantar flexion of foot
INNERVATION: tibial nerve
OIAI of the Plantaris
ORIGIN: lower lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
INSERTION: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
ACTION: plantar flexion of foot, flexion of leg
INNERVATION: tibial nerve
OIAI of the Popliteus
ORIGIN: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
INSERTION: posterior surface of tibia above soleal line
ACTION: lateral rotation of femur or medial rotation of leg
INNERVATION: tibial nerve
OIAI of the Flexor Hallucis Longus
ORIGIN: inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and interosseus membrane
INSERTION: inferior surface of distal phalanx of the first toe
ACTION: flexion of first toe, plantar flexion and inversion of foot
INNERVATION: tibial nerve
OIAI of the Flexor Digitorum Longus
ORIGIN: posterior surface of tibia (below soleal line)
INSERTION: inferior surfaces of distal phalanges of toes 2-5
ACTION: flexion of toes 2-5, plantar flexion and inversion of foot
INNERVATION: tibial nerve
OIAI of the Tibialis Posterior
ORIGIN: upper half of posterior surface of the interosseus membrane and adjacent parts of posterior surface of tibia and fibula
INSERTION: navicular with expansions to other tarsals
ACTION: inversion and plantar flexion of the foot and adduction of the foot
INNERVATION: tibial nerve
OIAI of the Peroneus longus
ORIGIN: head and upper 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
INSERTION: first metatarsal and medial cuneiform (lateral side)
ACTION: eversion and plantar flexion of foot
INNERVATION: superficial peroneal nerve
OIAI of the Peroneus brevis
ORIGIN: lower 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
INSERTION: base of 5th metatarsal (lateral side)
ACTION: eversion and plantar flexion of the foot
INNERVATION: superficial peroneal nerve
OIAI of the Peroneus tertius
ORIGIN: lower 1/3 of anterior fibula
INSERTION: dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal
ACTION: dorsiflexion and eversion of foot
INNERVATION: deep peroneal nerve
OIAI of the Tibialis anterior
ORIGIN: upper 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia and adjacent interosseus membrane
INSERTION: medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal
ACTION: dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
INNERVATION: deep peroneal nerve
OIAI of the Extensor hallucis longus
ORIGIN: middle 1/2 of medial surface of fibula and adjacent interosseus membrane
INSERTION: base of distal phalanx of first toe
ACTION: extension of first toe, dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
INNERVATION: deep peroneal nerve
OIAI of Extensor Digitorum longus
ORIGIN: lateral condyle of tibia, upper 3/4 of medial surface of fibula and adjacent interosseus membrane
INSERTION: dorsal surfaces of distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
ACTION: extension of toes 2-5, dorsiflexion and eversion of foot
INNERVATION: deep peroneal nerve
OIAI of Extensor digitorum brevis
ORIGIN: dorsal and lateral surface of calcaneus
INSERTION: joins tendons of extensor digitorum longus of toes 2-4
ACTION: extension of phalanges of toes 2-4
INNERVATION: deep peroneal nerve
OIAI of Psoas Major
ORIGIN: transverse processes and sides of bodies of T12-L5 and corresponding intervertebral discs
INSERTION: lesser trochanter of the femur
ACTION: flexion of thigh. flexion of trunk when femur is fixed
INNERVATION: femoral nerve
OIAI of Iliacus
ORIGIN: upper 2/3rds of iliac fossa
INSERTION: joins tendon of psoas major to attach on lesser trochanter of femur
ACTION: flexion of thigh, flexion of trunk when femur is fixed
INNERVATION: femoral nerve
OIAI of Psoas Minor
ORIGIN: bodies of T12 and L1
INSERTION: iliopectineal eminence
ACTION: flexion of the trunk (weak)
INNERVATION: branch from L1
