Muscles Flashcards
OIAI of Trapezius
ORIGIN:
Upper fibers: superior nuchal line and external occipital protuberance
Middle fibers: ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7-T3
Lower fibers: spinous processes of T4-T12
INSERTION:
Upper fibers: lateral 1/3 of the clavicle and acromion process
MF: upper border of scapula spine
LF: base of scapula spine
ACTION: Upper fibers: elevation of scapula Upper/Lower fibers: upwards rotation of scapula Lower fibers: depression of scapula All: retraction of scapula
INNERVATION: accessory nerve
OIAI of Rhomboid Major
ORIGIN: spinous processes of T2-T5
INSERTION: medial border of scapula inferior to spine
ACTION: retraction and downward rotation of scapula, stabilizes scapula
INNERVATION: dorsal scapular nerve
OIAI of Rhomboid Minor
ORIGIN: spinous processes of C7 and T1
INSERTION: medial border of scapula, superior to scapula spine
ACTION: retraction and downward rotation of scapula, stabilizes scapula
INNERVATION: dorsal scapular nerve
OIAI of Levator scapulae
ORIGIN: transverse processes of C1-C4
INSERTION: superior medial border of scapula
ACTION: elevation of scapula, downward rotation of scapula
INNERVATION: dorsal scapular nerve
OIAI of Latissimus Dorsi
ORIGIN: spinous process of T7-L5, thoracolumbar fasci, crest of ilium and lower 3-4 ribs
INSERTION: floor of the intertubercular groove of humerus
ACTION: adduction, extension, hyperextension, horizontal extension, medial rotation
INNERVATION: thoracodorsal nerve
OIAI of Pectoralis major
ORIGIN: clavicular fibres - medial 1/2 of clavicle
sternal fibres: sternum and costal cartilages of upper six ribs
INSERTION: lateral margin of intertubercular groove of humerus
ACTION: horizontal flexion, medial rotation of upper arm
clavicular fibres: flexion of upper arm (minimal)
sternal fibres: extension and adduction of upper arm
INNERVATION: medial and lateral pectoral nerves
OIAI of Serratus Anterior
ORIGIN: lateral surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs
INSERTION: costal surface of medial border of scapula and inferior angle of scapula
ACTION: protraction and upward rotation of the scapula
INNERVATION: long thoracic nerve
OIAI of the Deltoid
ORIGIN: anterior: lateral 1/3 of clavicle
medial: superior surface of acromion
posterior: spine of scapula
INSERTION: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
ACTION: abduction of upper arm
anterior: horizontal flexion, flexion, medial rotation
posterior: horizontal extension, extension, hyperextension, lateral rotation
INNERVATION: axillary nerve
OIAI of the Pectoralis minor
ORIGIN: lateral surface of ribs 3-5
INSERTION: coracoid process of scapula
ACTION: protraction, depression, downward rotation of the scapula, forced inspiration
INNERVATION: medial pectoral nerve
OIAI of the subclavius
ORIGIN: junction of the first rib with its costal cartilage
INSERTION: inferior surface of the middle third of clavicle
ACTION: depression of clavicle
INNERVATION: subclavian nerve
OIAI of the supraspinatus
ORIGIN: supraspinous fossa of the scapula
INSERTION: greater tubercle of the humerus
ACTION: abduction of upper arm, fixation of head of humerus in glenoid cavity
INNERVATION: suprascapular nerve
OIAI of the infraspinatus
ORIGIN: infraspinous fossa of the scapula
INSERTION: greater tubercle of the humerus
ACTION: lateral rotation and horizontal extension of the upper arms
INNERVATION: suprascapular nerve
OIAI of the Teres major
ORIGIN: dorsal inferior angle of the scapula
INSERTION: medial margin of intertubercular groove of humerus
ACTION: adduction, extension, and medial rotation of humerus
INNERVATION: subscapular nerve
OIAI of the Teres minor
ORIGIN: dorsal surface of lateral border of scapula
INSERTION: greater tubercle of humerus
ACTION: lateral rotation, adduction, horizontal extension of the humerus
INNERVATION: axillary nerve
OIAI of the Subscapularis
ORIGIN: subscapular fossa of scapula
INSERTION: lesser tubercle of humerus
ACTION: medial rotation of upper arm
INNERVATION: subscapular nerve
Describe the orientation of the brachial plexus
3 cords (lateral, medial, and posterior). 5 nerves (radial, ulnar, median, musculocutaneous, axillary) posterior cord diverges to become axillary and radial nerve. Lateral cord splits to become median nerve and musculocutaneous nerve. Medial cord splits to become median nerve and ulnar nerve.
OIAI of the Coracobrachialis
ORIGIN: coracoid process of scapula (joins with biceps and pectoralis minor)
INSERTION: middle of antero-medial surface of humerus
ACTION: flexion, horizontal flexion, adduction of upper arm
INNERVATION: musculocutaneous nerve
OIAI of the Biceps Brachii
ORIGIN:
short head: tip of coracoid process of the scapula
long head: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
INSERTION: radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
ACTION:
short head: flexion of upper arm
both heads: flexion, supination of forearm
INNERVATION: musculocutaneous nerve
OIAI of the Brachialis
ORIGIN: anterior surface of the distal half of the humerus
INSERTION: coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
ACTION: flexion of forearm
INNERVATION: musculocutaneous and radial nerves
OIAI of the Brachioradialis
ORIGIN: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
INSERTION: styloid process of radius
ACTION: flexion of forearm, supination and pronation of forearm to neutral position
INNERVATION: radial nerve
OIAI of the Triceps Brachii
ORIGIN:
long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
lateral head: posterior and lateral surface of humerus
medial head: lower posterior surface of humerus
INSERTION: posterior surface of olecranon of ulna
ACTION: extension of forearm, adduction of arm (long head)
INNERVATION: radial nerve
OIAI of the Pronator teres
ORIGIN: medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna
INSERTION: lateral surface of the radius (1/2 down shaft)
ACTION: pronates and flexes forearm
INNERVATION: median nerve
OIAI of the Flexor carpi radialis
ORIGIN: medial epicondyle of the humerus
INSERTION: base of 2nd/3rd metacarpal
ACTION: flexion and abduction of the hand
INNERVATION: median nerve
OIAI of the Palmaris longus
ORIGIN: medial epicondyle of the humerus
INSERTION: palmar aponeurosis
ACTION: flexion of the hand
INNERVATION: median nerve
OIAI of the Flexor carpi ulnaris
ORIGIN: medial epicondyle of the humerus and olecranon process of the ulna
INSERTION: pisiform and base of the 5th metacarpal
ACTION: flexion and adduction of the hand
INNERVATION: ulnar nerve
OIAI of the Flexor digitorum superficialis
ORIGIN: medial epicondyle of the humerus, coronoid process of the ulna, oblique line of the radius
INSERTION: palmar surface of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
ACTION: flexion of proximal and middle phalanges of medial 4 digits, flexion of the hand
INNERVATION: median nerve
OIAI of the Flexor digitorum profundus
ORIGIN: anterior and medial surfaces of the ulna and interosseus membrane
INSERTION: base of distal phalanges of medial 4 digits (fingers 2-5)
ACTION: flexion of distal, medial, and proximal phalanges of medial 4 digits, flexion of the hand
INNERVATION: ulnar and median nerve
OIAI of the Flexor pollicis longus
ORIGIN: anterior surface of the radius and interosseus membrane
INSERTION: base of distal phalanx of the thumb
ACTION: flexion and abduction of the thumb
INNERVATION: median nerve
OIAI of the Pronator quadratus
ORIGIN: anterior surface of distal ulna
INSERTION: anterior surface of distal radius
ACTION: pronation of the forearm
INNERVATION: median nerve
Describe the flexor retinaculum
dense fibrous band passing transversely at the wrist, unites the carpal bones on lateral and medial side of the hand. forms the carpal tunnel for median nerve and long flexor tendons
Where is the thenar eminence? Where is the hypothenar eminence?
thenar eminence is on thumb side (lateral), hypothenar eminence is on the medial side of the palm
AI of the Abductor pollicis brevis
ACTION: abduction of the thumb
INNERVATION: median nerve
AI of the flexor pollicis brevis
ACTION: flexion and adduction of the thumb
INNERVATION: median and ulnar nerves
AI of the Opponens pollicis
ACTION: opposition of the thumb
INNERVATION: median nerve
AI of the Abductor digiti minimi
ACTION: abduction of the 5th digit
INNERVATION: ulnar nerve
AI of the Flexor digiti minimi brevis
ACTION: flexion of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
INNERVATION: ulnar nerve
AI of the Opponens digiti minimi
ACTION: opposition of 5th metacarpal
INNERVATION: ulnar nerve
AI of the Lumbricals
ACTION: flexion at metacarpophalangeal joints and extension at interphalangeal joint
INNERVATION: median nerve (2 lateral muscles), ulnar nerve (2 medial muscles)
OIAI of Extensor carpi radialis longus
ORIGIN: lower 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
INSERTION: dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal bone
ACTION: extension and abduction of hand
INNERVATION: radial nerve
OIAI of Extensor carpi radialis brevis
ORIGIN: lateral epicondyle of humerus
INSERTION: dorsal base of 3rd metacarpal
ACTION: extension and abduction of hand
INNERVATION: radial nerve
OIAI of Extensor digitorum
ORIGIN: lateral epicondyle of humerus
INSERTION: dorsal surfaces of proximal, middle, and distal phalanges of medial 4 digits via dorsal digital expansion
ACTION: extension and abduction of medial 4 digits, extension of the hand
INNERVATION: deep branch of radial nerve
OIAI of Extensor digiti minimi
ORIGIN: lateral epicondyle of humerus
INSERTION: dorsal surface of proximal phalanx of 5th digit and dorsal digital expansion
ACTION: extension and abduction of 5th digit and extension of hand
INNERVATION: deep branch of radial nerve
OIAI of Extensor carpi ulnaris
ORIGIN: lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna
INSERTION: dorsal base of 5th metacarpal
ACTION: extension and adduction of hand
INNERVATION: deep branch of radial nerve
OIAI of Supinator
ORIGIN: lateral epicondyle of humerus and supinator crest of ulna
INSERTION: upper 1/3 of dorsal and lateral surfaces of radius
ACTION: supination of forearm
INNERVATION: deep branch of radial nerve
OIAI of Abductor Pollicis Longus
ORIGIN: posterior surfaces of middle of ulna and radius, interosseous membrane
INSERTION: base of 1st metacarpal
ACTION: abduction of thumb and hand
INNERVATION: deep branch of radial nerve
OIAI of Extensor Pollicis Brevis
ORIGIN: middle/distal portion of dorsal surface of radius and interosseous membrane
INSERTION: dorsal base of proximal phalanx of thumb
ACTION: extension of thumb and hand
INNERVATION: deep branch of radial nerve
OIAI of Extensor Pollicis Longus
ORIGIN: middle portion of posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
INSERTION: base of distal phalanx of thumb
ACTION: extension of thumb and hand, abduction of hand
INNERVATION: deep branch of radial nerve
OIAI of Extensor Indicis
ORIGIN: posterior surface of lower 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane
INSERTION: dorsal digital expansion of index finger
ACTION: extension of index finger, extension of hand
INNERVATION: deep branch of radial nerve
AI of Dorsal Interossei
ACTION: abduction of fingers 2-4
INNERVATION: ulnar nerve
AI of Palmar Interossei
ACTION: adduction of digits 2,4 and 5
INNERVATION: ulnar nerve
External intercostal
a
internal intercostal
a
What is the hilum of the lung
medial depression
What are the fissures of the lung?
oblique fissure and horizontal fissure
What is the mediastinum?
region between the two pleural sacs
Describe the composition of the pericardium
outer layer = fibrous pericardium (dense)
inner layer = serous pericardium (parietal layer and visceral layer (epicardium))
what does the azygos vein drain?
right intercostals. Left intercostal veins drain into hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins
OIAI of Orbicularis Oculi
ORIGIN: medial wall of the orbit
INSERTION: circular path around orbit
ACTION: closes eye
INNERVATION: facial nerve
OIAI of Orbicularis oris
ORIGIN: muscle fibres surrounding mouth opening
INSERTION: skin at the corner of the mouth
ACTION: kissing motion, compress lips against teeth, shapes lips during speech
INNERVATION: facial nerve
OIAI of Masseter
ORIGIN: zygomatic arch
INSERTION: angle and ramus of mandible
ACTION: elevates mandible
INNERVATION: mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
OIAI of Temporalis
ORIGIN: temporal fossa
INSERTION: coronoid process and ramus of mandible
ACTION: elevates and retracts mandible
INNERVATION: mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
OIAI of Buccinator
ORIGIN: alveolar process of maxilla and mandible and pterygomandibular ligament
INSERTION: orbicularis oris muscle
ACTION: whistling, blowing, sucking movements, draws corner of the mouth laterally to assist in chewing
INNERVATION: facial nerve
OIAI of Sternocleidomastoid
ORIGIN: anterior portion of manubrium, medial 1/3 of clavicle
INSERTION: mastoid process of temporal bone
ACTION: flexion and lateral flexion of the cervical spine, rotation of head to the opposite side, forced inspiration
INNERVATION: accessory nerve
OIAI of Scalenes
ORIGIN: transverse process of cervical vertebrae
SA: C3-C6
SM: C2-C7
SP: C4-C6
INSERTION:
SA: scalene tubercle of Rib 1
SM: upper surface of Rib 1
SP: outer surface of Rib 2
ACTION: forced inspiration (elevation of first 2 ribs), flexion and lateral flexion of cervical spine
INNERVATION: lower cervical spine nerves
AI of Iliocostalis
ACTION: extends and laterally flexes vertebral column, rotation of column to same side
INNERVATION: posterior rami of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves
AI of Longissimus
ACTION: extends and laterally flexes vertebral column, rotation of column to same side
INNERVATION: posterior rami of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves
AI of Spinalis
ACTION: extends vertebral column
INNERVATION: posterior rami of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves
