Second Civil War Flashcards
Political Presbyterians
Moderate faction in Parliament, politically and socially conservative
Opposed to religious toleration
Negotiate peace w/ king, minimal settlement on king powers
Didn’t like the new model army
Closer to the Scots
Political Indepedents
Radical faction in parliament
Wanted some religious toleration
Only settle if large limitations to kings power
Allied with new model army
Disliked the authoritarianism of Scottish Presbyterians
Newcastle Propositions
July 1646:
Religion: accept Presbyterianism for 3 years in England
Militia: Parliament control for 20 years
Parliament: Triennial act to remain
Royalists: only 58 not pardoned
Charles stalled, no intention of agreeing, tried to allow divisions in Parliament to grow
Declaration of Dislike
Written by Holles on behalf of Parliament.
Expressed the dislike of the New Model Army felt by many Parliamentarians
Showed division between the army and parliament
Politicisation of NMA
The New Model Army were still owed a salary, arrears not being paid
Declaration of Dislike
Thought that political presbyterians were making a rival army
No indemnity act passed so possibility they could be charged as offensives
May 1647: Parliament voted to disband the Army
NMA abduct Charles from Parliament and hold him hostage.
Solemn Engagement
June 1647:
Agreement under Fairfax that the NMA wouldn’t be disbanded until they achieved satisfactory terms (issues of arrears not being paid).
Makes them independent of Parliament
Heads of Proposals
July 1647
Regular biennial parliaments
Ability of NMA to draft a settlement plan
Reform of Parliamentarian representation
King lost control of army for 10 years
Charles allowed a national church with bishops
Act of oblivion: only exempted a few royalists
Levellers and Putney Debates
Levellers inspired radicalism in the troops of the NMA by spreading beliefs about equality.
Proposed the ‘Agreement of the People’ which was a more radical settlement.
Army leaders viewed them as a threat and held the Putney Debates,
When Charles escaped the Levellers exploited the lower ranks and denounced Ireton And Cromwell, but they were able to reinforce control by paying troops
Four Bills
1647:
An amalgamation of the Newcastle propositions and the heads of proposals
Presented to Charles while in captivity.
Charles rejected.
The Engagement
December 1647:
Charles escaped from Hampton Court.
Parliament had failed to deliver on their promises to the Covenantors after the first Civil War.
Charles agreed to 3 years of Presbyterianism in England in return for the Scots help invading England and restoring his power.
Vote of No Address
January 1648:
Passed by Parliament, voted for no more negotiations with Charles.
Stopped hope of a settlement, reform or a constituent monarchy.
Second Civil War
February 1648-1649
Battle of Preston, August 1649: marked the end of the second civil war, in which the New Model Army, (represented Parliament in the war) won again.
