Charles: Religion

Question 1

Arminianism

Answer 1

He favoured Arminianism. He promoted Arminians increasing their influence.
Made Richhard Montagu royal chaplain and supported his anti Calvinist writing.
Arminian William Laud was made bishop of London in 1628, then Archbishop of Canterbury in 1633.
This led to a conspiracy mentality in and out of court from other protestants who believed that there was too much Catholic influence over the King and there were fears of absolutism

Question 2

William Laud and Laudian reform

Answer 2

1633: Made Archbishop of Canterbury.
Arminian, close to Catholic beliefs therefore controversial figure amongst Calvinists.
Laud’s changes to Church of England:
movement of communion table
increased emphasis on ceremony, vestments, decoration etc.
Viewed as Catholic and created a lot of opposition.

Question 3

Puritans

Answer 3

Laud’s changes to Church opposed by Puritans as they saw it as a move towards Catholicism. Protestants unhappy with this as well causing some to become more radical and move toward Puritanism.

Question 4

St Gregory’s Case

Answer 4

1633: Parishioners of St Greg Church London challenged movement of communion table. Charles declared bishops would decide position of it but they were all loyal to him.

Question 5

John William

Answer 5

1637: Bishop John Williams was imprisoned for publishing criticism of the altar policy
‘the holy table, name and thing’.

Question 6

William Prynne, Henry Burton, John Bastwick

Answer 6

1637: Prynne, Burton + Bastwick attacked Laud and Henrietta Maria in pamphlets, so they were brought before star chamber and found guilt of criticising Laud’s measure, fined £5000, imprisoned for life, ear cropped which created sympathy from public as they were respected gentlemen.

Question 7

Charles and Scotland

Answer 7

Scotland had a Presbyterian Church at this point meaning very Protestant. Charles wanted uniformity across all his kingdoms in terms of religion. However he was an absentee King.
1633: Coronated in Scotland, first time he was there in 8 years. Very Catholic ceremony. Upset Scottish.
Religious changes in Scotland were so unpopular they kicked off civil war.

Question 8

Act of Revocation

Answer 8

1625: took land from the Scottish elite to support his own Church in Scotland. This united the Scottish landowners against him

Question 9

Religious Changes in Scotland

Answer 9

1625: Reissued Articles of Perth, which were very Catholic.
Introduced bishops.
Made St Giles Church a Cathedral
1636: Canons (church laws). Unpopular as it was interpreted as a move towards Catholicism, imposed royal prerogative, Scottish Church and Parliament had no say.
1637: Laudian Prayer Book, very Catholic introduced in Scotland. No consultation of Scots. Caused conflict in St Giles Cathedral which kicked off Scottish rebellion.