Charles: Personal Rule and Rebellions

Question 1

Ship Money

Answer 1

Prerogative form of income levied in times of emergency to fund the navy
Oct 1634: levied on coastal towns and counties (common)
Aug 1635-1639: extended to inland counties and levied annually (uncommon)
Raised an average of £200,000 annually, not being used to fund the navy.

Question 2

Hampden Case

Answer 2

Nov 1637: John Hampden, member of the gentry, took to court for his refusal to pay ship money.
Charles won narrowly but the facts of the case were widely circulated and debated, public challenge.

Question 3

Finance in Personal Rule

Answer 3

Forest fines: 40k
Distraint of Knighthood: 175k
Ended 30 year war: Spending on wars decreased from 500k to 70k

Question 4

Scottish Rebellion 1637-40: St Giles Cathedral

Answer 4

July 1637
Some bishops had to arm themselves when they had to read from the new Laudian prayer book because of riots

Question 5

Scottish Rebellion: Riots

Answer 5

Nobles organised riots and opposition.
Oct 1637: Caused the Scottish Parliament to abandon

Question 6

Scottish Rebellion: Scottish National Covenant

Answer 6

Feb 1638: Manifesto to unite the Scottish people against Charles’ religious policy
Written by Archibald Johnston and Alexander Hendelson

Question 7

Bishops Wars: Scots religious general assembly

Answer 7

Nov 1638: Charles allowed Scots to call a religious general assembly in Glasgow.
The canons were annulled

Question 8

Bishop Wars: Charles’ Problems

Answer 8

Had a terrible army as he didn’t have the money to raise one. Army consisted of thugs who were undisciplined and untrained.

Question 9

Bishops Wars: Truce of Berwick

Answer 9

June 1639: Charles and Covenanters agreed to disband their armies, but the Covenanters didn’t due to lack of trust of Charles.

Question 10

Short Parliament

Answer 10

Thomas Wentworth advised that Charles recall Parliament and ask for funding.
He did but only lasted from 13th April-5th May 1640.
As Parliament refused to subside Bishop Wars and were more focused on Charles’ acts during Personal Rule so he dissolved it.

Question 11

Bishop Wars: Treaty of Ripon

Answer 11

Fighting resumed and Scots were winning, occupied Newcastle.
August 1640:
Charles conceded lands to Scotland and agreed to pay the living costs, £850 a day, of the Scots occupying England.
Humiliation and forced Charles to recall Parliament to be able to pay Scots.

Question 12

Ireland: Wentworth

Answer 12

1632: Charles made Wentworth Lord Deputy of Ireland, then later Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
Very authoritarian, strict but largely successful: strong grip of power, increased profits from Ireland by doubling custom duties, enhanced authority of English Crown.
But he was unpopular and alienated all 4 religious groups in Ireland.
Charles recalled him for help in the Bishop Wars

Question 13

Irish Rebellion

Answer 13

Oct 1641: lasted whole winter.
Causes: Charles recalled Wentworth, who had alienated all groups in Ireland, Irish Catholics threatened by alliance between English Puritans and Presbyterian Scots.
Event: Catholics launched a pre-emptive strike against Protestants in Ulster killing 3000.