Secession and Civil War Flashcards
What caused the panic of 1857?
several years of over-speculation of railroads and lands; faulty banking practices; and an interruption of flow of European capital into American investments bc of Crimean WAr. = depression
What happened during John Brown’s Raid?
1859, JB Led a small force that seized a federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, VA, taking hostages and attempting to start a slave riot. He was quickly stopped by US marine forces led by Robert E. Lee.
Which seven states were the first to secede from the Union?
SC, FL, Al, TX, GE, MI, and LO
What were the 5 main differences in the constitution of the Confederate States of America?
Slavery was specifically recognized and the right to move slaves from state to state was guaranteed
protective tariffs were prohibited
president would serve a non renewable six year term
president had right to veto individual items within an appropriation bill
state sovereignty was specifically recognized
What was the outcome of the first battle of the civil war?
Fort Sumter: Confederate General PGT Beauregard is sent by President Davis to take the fort. Confederates open fired on the fort on April 12, 1861. Sumter and Union forces surrender. Lincoln declared the attack an insurrection and demanded states help supply 75k volunteers. In response, VA< TN, NC< and AK declare their succession.
of the slave states that remained, KT, DE, MD, and MO sided with the North for various reasons
what advantages did the north/ south have at the start of the war?
North: Industry (to make supplies necessary for war) Bigger population more extensive railway system larger navy overall wealthier
south:
more military expertise
vast in size, did not need to conquer i.e. the north would have to invade their home
–> they would be defending their home
What happened during the Peninsula Campaign?
McClellan took Army of the Potomac down Chesapeake Bay to advance into Richmond, the capital of the Confederacy. General Johnston of the Conf was wounded and replaced by Robert E. Lee, who summons Stonewall JAckson. Their combined forces attack McClellan, who after two days (in what is known as the Battle of Seven Days) retreated.
Lee took an opportunity to then attack Union forces under General John Pope, in the Second Battle of Bull RUn.
What was the homestead act of 1862?
the Morrill Land Grant Act?
~160 acres of gov’t land would be given for free to anyone willing to farm the land for at least 5 years
established agricultural and mechanical colleges based on large amounts of gov’t land. this would later become many of the state universities we have today.
What act helped support the financing necessary for the war?
National Bank aCt of 1863
Why did Lincoln suspend habeas corpus? Which court case happened as a result?
In order to quell the threat of secession in Maryland, Lincoln suspended habeas corpus and imprisoned numerous suspected secessionists without charges or trial. This was protested by pro-Southern chief Justice Roger B. Taney in ex Parte Merryman in 1861
After which battle did Lincoln issue the emancipation proclamation?
BAttle of Antietam, sept 1863
What was Lincoln’s ten percent plan?
southerners could take an oath promising future loyalty to the Union and the end of slavery. If the number who had taken the oath in any one state reached ten percent of the total registered to vote, they could participate in the new government established by the Union
What was the wade-davis bill? Why did it not pass?
Those registered to vote in the 1860 elections would have to swear an “ironclad” oath stating their loyalty. unless the numbered who would swear this oath reached the required number, a state could not be admitted back into the union. This would only pass in the South if Black men were allowed to vote. Lincoln issued a pocket veto of the bill, which infuriated the Radical Republicans who had drafted it and who dominated congress
