Sec. Act. - Logical Equivalence

Question 1

Determine the equivalence of the proposition:

Whoever is a national hero is a philanthropist.
Most philanthropists are national heroes.

Few non-national heroes are non-philanthropists.

Whoever is non-philanthropist is non-national hero.

No national hero is non-philanthropist.

Answer 1

The correct answer is:
Most philanthropists are national heroes. → Conversion,

Few non-national heroes are non-philanthropists. → Inversion,

Whoever is non-philanthropist is non-national hero. → Contraposition,

No national hero is non-philanthropist. → Obversion

Question 2

Determine the equivalence of the proposition:

Some cars are overpriced luxury goods.

Inversion

Obversion

Contraposition

Conversion

Answer 2

The correct answer is:
Inversion → Invalid,

Obversion → Some cars are not non-overpriced luxury goods.,

Contraposition → Invalid,

Conversion → Some overpriced luxury goods are cars.

Question 3

Determine the equivalence of the proposition:

No reptiles are warm-blooded animals.

Contraposition

Conversion

Inversion

Obversion

Answer 3

The correct answer is:
Contraposition → No non-warm-blooded animal is a non-reptile.,

Conversion → No warm-blooded animal is a reptile.,

Inversion → Some non-reptiles are non-warm-blooded animals.,

Obversion → All reptiles are non-warm-blooded animals.

Question 4

Determine the equivalence of the proposition:

Many Filipinos are not voters.

Conversion

Inversion

Contraposition

Obversion

Answer 4

The correct answer is:
Conversion → Invalid,

Inversion → Invalid,

Contraposition → Few non-voters are not non-Filipinos.,

Obversion → Few Filipinos are non-voters.

Question 5

Determine the equivalence of the proposition:

No non-fantasy movie is a realistic show.

Some fantasy movies are non-realistic shows.

No realistic show is a non-fantasy movie.

All non-fantasy movies are non-realistic shows.

No non-realistic show is a fantasy movie.

Answer 5

The correct answer is:
Some fantasy movies are non-realistic shows. → Inversion,

No realistic show is a non-fantasy movie. → Conversion,

All non-fantasy movies are non-realistic shows. → Obversion,

No non-realistic show is a fantasy movie. → Contraposition

Question 6

Determine the equivalence of the proposition:

All non-priests are not non-male.

All non-priest is male.

Some priests are males.

All non-male is not non-priest.

All males are not priests.

Answer 6

The correct answer is:
All non-priest is male. → Obversion,

Some priests are males. → Inversion,

All non-male is not non-priest. → Conversion,

All males are not priests. → Contraposition

Question 7

Determine the equivalence of the proposition:

Philippine Eagles are non-endangered animals.

Some non-Philippine Eagles are endangered animals.

All endangered animals are non-Philippine Eagles.

Some non-endangered animals are Philippine Eagles.

Philippine Eagles are not endangered animals.

Answer 7

The correct answer is:
Some non-Philippine Eagles are endangered animals. → Inversion,

All endangered animals are non-Philippine Eagles. → Contraposition,

Some non-endangered animals are Philippine Eagles. → Conversion,

Philippine Eagles are not endangered animals. → Obversion

Question 8

Determine the equivalence of the given proposition:

All graduates of PMA are commissioned officers of the whole Armed Forces.

Conversion

Contraposition

Obversion

Inversion

Answer 8

The correct answer is:

Conversion → Some commissioned officers of the whole Armed Forces are graduates of PMA.,

Contraposition → All non-commissioned officers of the whole Armed Forces are non-graduates of PMA.,

Obversion → No graduates of PMA are non-commissioned officers of the whole Armed Forces.,

Inversion → Some non-graduates of PMA are non-commissioned officers of the whole Armed Forces.

Question 9

Determine the equivalence of the proposition:

Some non-criminals are non-considerate persons.

Conversion

Contraposition

Obversion

Inversion

Answer 9

The correct answer is:
Conversion → Some non-considerate persons are non-criminals.,

Contraposition → Invalid,

Obversion → Some non-criminals are not considerate persons.,

Inversion → Invalid

Question 10

Determine the equivalence of the proposition:

Some cakes are not non-salty food.

Conversion

Inversion

Obversion

Contraposition

Answer 10

The correct answer is:
Conversion → Invalid,

Inversion → Invalid,

Obversion → Some cakes are salty food.,

Contraposition → Some salty food are not non-cakes.