Sec 5 Flashcards
Rather than defining primatology as “the scientific study of nonhuman primates” … we will identify it as “the sudy of nonhuman primates for the purpose of understanding aspects of human behavior” and because it is situated within modern evolutionary theory with emphasis on adaptation – it best labeled as Anthropological Primatology.
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Anthropological primatology arose early in studies of primate anatomy that extend back to Graeco-Roman times.
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Nearly 2000 years ago, based on anatomical similarity, Galen recognized that nonhuman primates could be studied for insights on human anatomy and physiology.
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The best primate anatomists of the Renaissance were artists!
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In 1699, a physician named Tyson used anatomical analysis to produce the first scientific evidence of the close relationship between chimpanzees and humans.
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T.H. Huxley used comparative primate anatomy to support the Quadrumana-Bimana classification hypothesis.
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Knowledge of anatomy provides insights on behavior in extinct animals but this connection requires behavioral data from extant primates.
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The 1896 gorilla field “study” by Richard L. Garner was a terrific success.
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Mary Bradley Hasting supported the view that gorillas are “malignant arch fiends” – as she descrbed them in 1922.
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Solly Zuckerman’s study of captive baboons was a break-through that provided accurate insights on baboon social organization.
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The first monograph on primate behavior in the wild was published by Henry Nissen in 1931; it was based on 49 days of field observation on chimpanzee behaviors.
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The ornithologist C. Raymond Carpenter conducted the first continuous and long-term primate field studies. He began with comparisons of Panamanian howlers and spider monkeys and, after four years of field research, was rewarded with an invitation to the A.P.E. research project in which he studied wild gibbons.
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Two important members of the A.P.E. research project were the incredible comparative primate anatomist Adolph H. Schultz and the future father of anthropological primatology – Sherwood L. Washburn.
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American zoos and museums stopped collecting primates from the wild in the 1920s.
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Technological and medical advances contributed to the development of field primatology following World War II.
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