Sec 4 Flashcards
Very few primates are adaptive rule-breakers
False
None of the anthropoids weigh less than 500 grams.
false
Like lemuroids, platyrrhines evolved in isolation from all other primates.
True
The primates of the Semiorder Haplorhini, Suborder Anthropoidea, and Infraorder Platyrrhini include the Superfamily_______ (with odd-faced New World monkeys) and the Superfamily______ which includes the rest of the New World monkeys.
Ceboidea and pithecoidea
The Subfamily Callicebinae is represented by one genus with 30 species.
True
The Subfamily Pitheciinae includes 3 genera of aptly named “odd-faced” monkeys!
True
The Family Atelidae holds the only fully prehensile-tailed primates. These monkeys happen to be the largest platyrrhines in body mass.
True
Spider monkeys, squirrel monkeys, and howling monkeys have fully prehensile tails.
False
Both howling monkeys and wooly monkeys have schizodactyl hand but spider monkeys and muriqui monkeys lack thumbs!
true
The Superfamily Ceboidea has two Families – the Atelidae which includes the only fully prehensile-tailed monkeys and the Cebidae which include one subfamily of semiprehensile-tailed monkeys, one subfamily with the only nocturnal anthropoid, and one family of highly-specialized monkeys with the smallest body weights of all platyrrhines and anthropoids.
True
Including all of the capuchin genera together – these monkeys are known for allogrooming, tool-use, and general busy-bodied brainiest. This has helped to make the “organ grinder” monkey a favorite of casting directors for Hollywood films.
true
Squirrel monkeys, like owl monkeys, live in small family groups.
false
Owl monkey nocturnality is particularly unusual because they are descended from a diurnal ancestor and retain its retinal fovea. An additional interest fact is that they only have one type of visual sensory cell and are, as a result, color blind!
True
Marmoset and tamarin dietary adaptations include tegulae (claw-like nails) that enable vertical climbing on tree trunks. Some taxa engage in “crop-rotation” and one species is the smallest-bodied modern primate.
true
The Superfamily Cercopithecoidea has one Family – the Cercopithecidae. Cercopithecids are represented by cheek pouch monkeys in the Subfamily Colobinae and complex stomach monkeys in the Subfamily Cercopithecinae.
false
Cercopithecines are primarily found in Africa and the nearby Arabian Peninsula; the rule-breakers in the group are the macaques. Colobones are primarily Asian but include red, olive, and black colobus monkeys in Africa.
true
There are 22 macaque species that can be sorted into seven groupings. The success of this monkey is due to its generalized “do it all” adaptive flexibility.
true
Mangabey look like and behave like macaques
false
Baboons are obligate omnivores. Under the right circumstances, they would feast on fruit. However, these large-bodied and hungry primates live in huge groups and are constantly on the move in a search for calories to feed their large troops.
true
Mandrills are the largest-bodied African Old World monkeys and are dedicated to fruit-procurement in western and central Africa.
true
Sexual dimorphism is much more pronounced in catarrhines than it is in non-catarrhine primates.
true
The guenon relatives include the smallest catarrhine (talopoin monkey) which, like another member of this group (Allen’s swamp monkey) is rare. The fastest primate in the world (vervet monkey) and the clever-generalist (patas monkey) that is very much like a New World monkey capuchin.
false
The numerous species of guenon monkeys are distinct in pelage and facial patterns and coloration but are strikingly similar in relative body proportion dimensions (they simply scale up and down with body mass).
true
All catarrhines love to groom but colobines engage in “aunting” behaviors that take allogrooming to a new level.
ture
Cercopithecines are principally frugivorous to omnivorous and colobines are primarily folivorous.
true
Cercopithecines include more terrestrial taxa than colobines.
true
Despite dietary specializations and a preference for arboreal-living, the colobine sacred langur has successfully adapted to urban habitats.
true
Most langur and leaf monkeys live in unimale-multifemale societies.
true
The surprising odd-nosed colobines include the largest-bodied members of the group – as well as the best leapers and the most terrestrial taxa.
ture
Lesser apes are more primitive than great apes.
false
Hominoids include the largest living primates – up to 390 lbs. The largest hominoids are also extremely sexually dimorphic; the most extreme example may be the chimpanzee.
false
Hominoids include every dietary adaptation except insectivory and all are crazy about fruit. They express every locomotor category except leaping and traditional quadrupedalism. They are equally diverse in social structure and have the longest interbirth intervals and juvenescence length of all primates.
true
