SEAM 4 FINALS :p Flashcards
a space that is not used for day to day activity
Enclosed Space
the presence of these characteristics (or at least one) can make space an enclosed space
○ Limited opening for entry and exit
○ Inadequate ventilation
○ Is not designed for continuous worker occupancy
should be available to identify all enclosed spaces on board and should be displayed in public spaces
Ship-Specific List
the most common confined spaces onboard ships:
● cargo holds
● chain lockers
● cofferdams
● water tanks
● void spaces
● duct keels
● fuel tanks
● engine crankcases
● exhaust
● scavenge receivers
7 Dangers and Hazards associated with Enclosed Spaces
- Lack of Oxygen
- Hazardous Vapours
- Leakage of hazardous materials from adjacent spaces.
- Insufficient/No Ventilation
- Restricted Space
- Inadequate Lighting
- Personal Injury
7 Dangers and Hazards associated with Enclosed Spaces
_________ due to slips, trips, and fall
Personal Injury
7 Dangers and Hazards associated with Enclosed Spaces
________ or limited space in any compartment can make rescue attempts from such chambers difficult and challenging.
○ Personnel should understand the layout of an enclosed space before attempting entry.
Restricted Space
7 Dangers and Hazards associated with Enclosed Spaces
There could be high chances of the presence of toxic gases or absence of oxygen, both cases being lethal for man entry.
Insufficient/No Ventilation
7 Dangers and Hazards associated with Enclosed Spaces
- The presence of TOXIC VAPOURS can make space deadly even if there is no lack of oxygen or the compartment is oxygen-enriched.
○ A person may suffer from eye irritation, headache or even become unconscious if he/she inhales toxic gases. A higher concentration of toxic gases can also cause death.
Hazardous Vapours
7 Dangers and Hazards associated with Enclosed Spaces
○ The acceptable range of oxygen in an enclosed space is between 19.5% to 23.55
(20% acceptable). Oxygen in any compartment can reduce due to many factors-rusting of steel parts is the most common one.
○ We all know that rusting is nothing but the process of oxidation-thus oxygen is consumed. Oxygen can also be consumed by activities like hot work, welding or the occurrence of fire.
Lack of Oxygen
Procedure for Entering an Enclosed Space:
- List of work
- Potential hazards
- Opening and securing
- All fire hazard possibilities
- The confined space has to be well ventilated before entering
- Space has to be checked for oxygen content and other gas content
- The oxygen content should read 20% by volume
- Enough lighting and illumination
- A proper permit to work
- Permit to work
- Permit to work
- Proper signs and Men at work
Procedure for Entering an Enclosed Space _________ to be done should be made for the ease of assessment for e.g. if welding to be carried out or some pipe replacement etc. This helps in carrying out the work quickly and easily.
List of work
Procedure for Entering an Enclosed Space
___________ are to be identified such as the presence of toxic gases.
Potential hazards
Procedure for Entering an Enclosed Space ___________ has to be done and precaution should be taken to check if the opening of enclosed space is pressurized or not.
Opening and securing
Procedure for Entering an Enclosed Space __________ should be minimized if hot work is to be carried out.
○ This can be done by emptying the fuel tank or chemical tank near the hot workplace.
All fire hazard possibilities
Procedure for Entering an Enclosed Space
The confined space has to be ___________ before entering. Enough time should be allowed to establish a ventilation system to ensure that air containing enough oxygen to sustain life is introduced.
○ Ventilation can either be natural or mechanical using blowers.
well ventilated
Procedure for Entering an Enclosed Space
____________ with the help of an oxygen analyzer and gas detector.
○ Atmosphere testing instruments should be able to measure the presence of carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulphide.
Space has to be checked for oxygen content and other gas content
Procedure for Entering an Enclosed Space
The oxygen content should read _____ by volume. A percentage less than that is not acceptable and more time for ventilation entering should be given in such circumstances.
20%
Procedure for Entering an Enclosed Space
______ should be present in the enclosed space before entering
Enough lighting and illumination
Procedure for Entering an Enclosed Space
A _______ has to be filled out and a checklist to be checked so as to prevent any accident which can endanger life. A confined space should only be entered with an authorised and issued permit and by a trained and competent person.
proper permit to work
Procedure for Entering an Enclosed Space
_______ is to be valid only for a certain time period. If the time period expires then again new permit is to be issued and the checklist is to be filled out.
Permit to work
Procedure for Entering an Enclosed Space
_______ has to be checked and permitted by the Master of the ship in order to work in a confined space
Permit to work
Procedure for Entering an Enclosed Space
____________ signboards should be provided at required places so that person should not start any equipment, machinery or any operation in the confined space endangering the life of the people working
Proper signs and Men at work
The golden rule of confined space rescue:
“Never enter a confined space to rescue someone”
● Attempts to rescue a person from a confined space should only be made from _______ the confined area
outside
- responsible for setting and enforcing workplace safety and health standards, conducting inspections of workplaces, providing training and education, offering compliance assistance to employers, and promoting a culture of safety in the workplace
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Space is _____ and the points of entry and exit can be barely big enough for a single person to fit through at any one time.
limited
In fact, two-thirds of all deaths occurring in confined spaces are attributed to people ___________
attempting to rescue someone else.
Rescue personnel will also wear______ appropriate for the situation and this could include:
● self-contained breathing apparatus
● protective headgear
● explosion-proof lighting
● harness
PPE
Confined Space Rescue Plan and Procedures:
- Have a full rescue team prepared.
- Meet with local emergency response authorities.
- Assess all confined spaces.
- Assess openings.
- Run drills.
- Establish a full-body harness rule.
- Be aware that some rescues are more time-sensitive than others.
Three Types of Confined Space Rescue
● Self-Rescue
● Non-Entry/External Rescue
● Entry Rescue
involves an entrant (the worker) leaving the space under their own power
● Self-Rescue
– uses equipment to extricate a person from the confined space without the need for additional people to enter
– would typically include the entrant wearing a full body harness that attaches to a rope and pulley that the external team can use to lift them out in an emergency
● Non-Entry/External Rescue
– where additional people enter the confined space to perform the rescue
– should be the last resort option as it is the most dangerous rescue and improperly
● Entry Rescue
- a guideline for shipping companies and owners to prepare their ships for special surveys to maintain the safety of the vessel while at sea or at a port
Enhanced Survey Programme
– a planning document for surveying and paperwork
– to be developed by the owner and is to be submitted to the recognised authorities such as classification societies, 6 months before the survey
Survey Programme
The IMO Enhanced Survey Programme was made mandatory from _________ for bulk carriers and oil tankers by SOLAS Chapter XI, and bulk carriers are not permitted by SOLAS Chapter XII to carry dense cargoes unless they have been surveyed in accordance with the IMO Guidelines (Resolution A.
1st January 1996
Guidelines on the enhanced programme of inspections single-side skin construction.
PartA
What is the international code on the enhanced programme of inspections during surveys of bulk carriers and oil tankers?
2011 ESP Code)
Guidelines on the enhanced programme of inspections double-side skin
construction.
PartB
● Guidelines on enhance survey programme of inspection during survey of bulk carrier:
Annex A
Guidelines on enhance survey programme of inspection during survey of oil tankers:
Annex B
Which chapter of the SOLAS convention you can find enhanced survey program?
SOLAS Chapter XI
General application, documentation onboard to be completed prior to the inspection which is to be served as basis for surveys.
Chapter 1
Describes how Enhanced survey to be carried out during the periodical surveys along with timings and conduct of enhance surveys and requirements of dry-docking.
Chapter 2
Describes enhanced inspection carried out during annual surveys which includes cargo holds and tank pressure testing.
Chapter 3
Deals with intermediate surveys in addition to the annual survey requirements.
Chapter 4
Discuss the needed preparation for surveys, condition and equipment for surveys, access to the surveyed structure and conduct of survey at sea or at anchor.
Chapter 5
○ Immediate and thorough repairs to damages and wastages.
Chapter 6
Discuss the requirement of onboard documents supplied and maintained by owner that must be available to the surveyor and requirements for survey report file, supporting documents, review of document by surveyor.
Chapter 7
○ Discuss the process of reporting and evaluation of survey, acceptability and continued structural integrity, a condition evaluation report of the survey and results to be issued to the owner.
Chapter 8
○ Reporting and evaluation of surveys, acceptable and continued structural integrity; a condition evaluation report of the survey and results to be issued to the owner.
Chapter 9
– a guideline for shipping companies and owners to prepare their ship for special surveys to maintain the safety of the ship while at sea or at the port
– a requirement for bulk carriers and oil tankers, as identified by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) due to the high number of incidents and losses in the past
– provides specific guidelines for the inspection of hull-related items during statutory surveys, ensuring that ships’ safety equipment, construction, and load line certificates are maintained in the proper condition
– applies to four types of surveys during a ship’s 5-year cycle of statutory surveys: annual, intermediate, renewal, and dry dock surveys
– does not represent a separate survey but provides detailed guidelines for inspecting hull and structure-related items during these surveys
Enhanced Survey Program
Four Types of surveys during a ship’s 5-year cycle of statutory surveys
annual
intermediate
renewal
dry dock surveys
– part of the ESP and is conducted to ensure that the ship’s hull and structure are in good condition
Annual Survey
– a type of survey that is conducted for ships subject to the Enhanced Survey Program (ESP) that are over 10 years of age
– its purpose is to ensure that the ship’s hull and structure are in good condition and to identify any potential issues before they become major problems
● Intermediate Survey
– carried out at five-year intervals is a major survey including visual examinations, measurements and testing of the hull and equipment, machinery and systems, in order to confirm that the ship complies with the relevant rule requirements and is in satisfactorily maintained condition
Renewal Survey
– a critical component of a ship’s maintenance and safety program, providing a comprehensive examination of the vessel’s hull and underwater components and is typically carried out twice within a 5-year period
Dry-dock Survey
The Four Types of Surveys during a ship’s 5-year cycle of statutory surveys
annual survey
intermediate survey
renewal survey
dry-dock survey
IMO adopted a ________ SOLAS conference with guidelines on the Enhanced survey programme for inspection and surveys of bulk carriers and tankers.
resolution A 744 (18) in 1994
2 Annexes adopted in Resolution A 744(18)
Annex A
Annex B
Many of these accidents were a result of faulty machinery or lack of safe handling practices which forced the maritime authorities to introduce a particular survey type known as _____
ESP or Enhanced Survey Programme.
Rescue personnel will also wear PPE appropriate for the situation and this could include:
● self-contained breathing apparatus
● protective headgear
● explosion-proof lighting
● harness
_______ in any compartment can reduce due to many factors —rusting of steel parts is the most common one.
Oxygen
