Midterm (SEAM 4 Quizzes) Flashcards
the process resulting from random motion of molecules by which there is a net flow of matter from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
Diffusion
occurs when two dissimilar metals are present in an electrolytic medium
Electrochemical Corrosion
when metals collect this, an electrochemical reaction causes the steel to corrode
Moisture
when a refined metal is naturally converted to a more stable form such as its oxide, hydroxide or sulphide state this leads to deterioration of the material
Corrosion
– metals or alloys attached to the hull that have a more anodic, i.e. less noble, potential than steel when immersed in sea water
– supply the cathodic protection current, but will be consumed in doing so and therefore require replacement for the protection to be maintained
Sacrificial Anodes
– a means of preventing electrochemical wastage is required
– a system of preventing corrosion by forcing all surfaces of a structure (e.g. hull) to be cathodes by providing external anodes
Cathodic Protection
the positive or oxidizing electrode that acquires electrons from the external circuit and is reduced during the electrochemical reaction
Cathode
the negative or reducing electrode that releases electrons to the external circuit and oxidizes (corrode) during and electrochemical reaction
Anode
– consists of a number of anodes (lead or platinised titanium) fitted to the hull at
selected places below the waterline, and control equipment which automatically
regulates the anode current to the required value
– consists of anodes connected to a DC power source
Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP)
the manual required on all types of ships engaged in the carriage of all cargoes other than solid and liquid bulk cargoes
Cargo Securing Manual
– everywhere, incur a measure of liability for the safety of the goods
– in common-law countries, liable for any damage or for the loss of the goods that are in their possession as carriers, unless they prove that the damage or loss is attributable to certain excepted causes
Carriers
cargo units, including containers, shall be loaded, stowed and secured throughout the voyage in accordance with it approved by the Administration
Cargo Securing Manual
a chemical substance, usually a liquid, which contains hydrogen and can react with other substances to form salts
Acid
Main Factors influencing the Rate of Corrosion
Diffusion
Temperature
Conductivity
Acid
Types of Ions
Electrochemical Corrosion
a compartment within a boat, ship or other floating structure that holds water
Ballast Tank
the stress a ship’s hull or keel is placed under when a wave is the same length as the ship and the ship is in the trough of two waves
Sagging
How long must Ballast Tanks be inspected?
twelve-monthly basis
Percentage of corrosion in the tank surface for it to require repairs
75%
a sub-component defect caused due to damage to steel platings or material failure
Deformation
The significance of monitoring the condition of sacrificial anodes fitted inside a tank and its contribution to the tank’s integrity
To checked and inspected closely for
excessive wear and tear to maintain integrity
the stress a ship’s hull or keel experiences that causes the center or the keel to bend upward
Hogging
Consequence of exceeding the maximum permissible cargo load in any of the holds of a ship during loading, specifically regarding the local structure
overstressing
includes incorrect, improper, and insufficient lashing (not using enough dunnage, chocking, lashing materials), incorrect weight distribution, improper loading affecting the stability of the cargo
Bad Stowage
primarily affects iron and its alloys, such as steel
Rust
– also considered as ‘material wastage’
– the lead cause for structural deformations and fracturing
Corrosion
occurs when oxide scale is swollen during oxidation
Blistering
Last in maintenance workflow of removing rust
Top Coat
a localized form of corrosion by which cavities or “holes” are produced in the material
Pitting Corrosion
First in maintenance workflow of removing rust
Chipping
due to the propagation of cracks through the steel plating, which has been left unattended
Fractures
Key Steps involved in a maintenance workflow for removing rust from a surface
Chipping
Surface Preparation
Cleaning
Priming Coat
Top Coat
provide evidence that the condition of the hatch covers does not pose a threat to the cargo
Hatch Inspection
a Non-Destructive Testing (N.D.T.) whereby, with the use of the appropriate equipment, tightness of Hatch Covers can be tested against leakages which can cause charterers claims and affect seaworthiness of vessels
Ultrasonic Hatch Leak Inspection
necessary to confirm hatch covers are weathertight and will remain weathertight throughout the voyage
Test and Visual Inspection
– the country in which the ship is registered
– it is its duty to ensure that the ship entitled to fly its flag is safely constructed, equipped and
subsequently properly maintained and manned as per regulation based on the International
Convention developed by IMO for this purpose
Flag State
the inspection of foreign ships in national ports to verify that the condition of the ship and its equipment comply with the requirements of international regulations and that the ship is manned and operated in compliance with these rules
Port State Control
Report of Inspection in accordance with the Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control (Deficiencies Found & Follow Up Actions)
Form B
chemical tanker, gas carrier, oil tanker, NLS tanker, bulk carrier and passenger ship and more than 12 years old are eligible for this inspection
Expanded Inspection
A Port State Control visit on board a ship will normally start with, as a minimum and to the extent applicable, with an examination of the documents in accordance with what Annex
Annex 10 of the Paris MOU Memorandum
Report of Inspection in accordance with the Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control (Ship Particulars)
Form A
ships of a risk type (chemical tanker, gas carrier, oil tanker, NLS tanker, bulk carrier and passenger ship) and more than 12 years old are eligible for an expanded inspection
High Risk Ships
How often are the high risk ships be inspected
every 6 months
a vessel that is designed and built to meet the requirements of a specific classification society, such as the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), Lloyd’s Register (LR), or Det Norske Veritas (DNV)
Standard Risk Ships
How often are low risk ships inspected
every third year
resolution the IMO adopted on Regional co-operation in the control of ships and discharges promoting the conclusion of regional agreements.
A.682(17)
These ships are designed with multiple layers of safety features and redundancies to minimize the risk of accidents or incidents
Low Risk Ships
General Inspection of the Ship
Initial Inspection
How often are standard risk ships inspected
every year
Any of the three inspections that focus on specific areas where high levels of deficiencies have been encountered by PSCOs, or where new convention requirements have recently entered into force
Concentrated Inspection Campaign
Detailed Inspection based upon the findings (clear grounds) of non compliance
More Detailed Inspection
Initial Inspection of Certain Type of Ships of Certain Age
Expanded Inspection
