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Information Systems > Se > Flashcards

Se Flashcards

1
Q

From the Greek word “systema” means “organized whole”

A

System

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2
Q

A regularly interacting or interdependent group of items forming a unified whole

A

System

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3
Q

A combination of interacting elements organized to achieve one or more stated
purposes

A

Engineered System

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4
Q

It is a specialization of system which fulfills the basic properties of all systems, but
which is explicitly man-made, contains technology, exists for a purpose and is
engineered through a series of managed life cycle activities to make it better able
to achieve that purpose

A

Engineered System

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5
Q

Is an interdisciplinary, collaborative approach to the engineering of systems
which aims to capture stakeholder needs and objectives and to transform these
into a description of a holistic, life-cycle balanced system solution which both
satisfies the minimum requirements and optimizes overall project and system
effectiveness according to the values of the stakeholders.

A

Systems Engineering

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6
Q

Incorporated both technical and management processes

A

Systems Engineering

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7
Q

They must analyze, specify, design, and verify the system to ensure that its
functional, interface, performance, physical, and other quality characteristics,
and cost are balanced to meet the needs of the system stakeholders

A

Systems Engineering

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8
Q

They helps ensure the elements of the system fit together to accomplish the
objectives of the whole, and ultimately satisfy the needs of the customers and
other stakeholders who will acquire and use the system

A

Systems Engineering

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9
Q

The degree to which a system’s design or code is difficult to understand because
of numerous components or relationships among components

A

Complexity

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10
Q

The principle that whole entities exhibit properties which are meaningful only
when attributed to the whole, not to its parts

A

Emergence

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11
Q

Building blocks of a systems and contains hardware, software, personnel,
facilities, policies, documents, and databases

A

Elements

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12
Q

made up of combinations of elements

A

System

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13
Q

can be divided into a hierarchy of sets of elements, that include subsystem,
components, subcomponents, and parts

A

System

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14
Q

Elements of a System

A

Components
- Attributes
- Relationships

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15
Q

is a set of interrelated components functioning together toward some common
objectives or purposes

A

System

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16
Q

operating parts of the systems contains input, process, and output

A

Components

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17
Q

properties (characteristic, configuration, qualities, powers, constraints, and state)
of the components and of the system as a whole

A

Attributes

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18
Q

between pairs of linked components are the result of engineering the attributes
of both components so that the pair operates together effectively in contributing
to the system’s purpose

A

Relationship

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19
Q

Systems Components

A

Structural Components
- Operating Components
- Flow Components

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20
Q

Always start using ______or _______

A

Data
Information

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21
Q

Advantages of Concurrent Engineering

A
  1. This model is applicable to all types of
    software development processes
  2. It is easy to understand and use
  3. It gives immediate feedback from testing
  4. Provides an accurate feature of the
    current state of a project
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22
Q

Advantage of Waterfall Process Model

A
  1. This model is simple and easy to
    understand and use
  2. It is easy to manage due to its phase has
    specific deliverables and review process
  3. Waterfall model works well for smaller
    projects where requirements are clearly
    define
    and very well understood
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23
Q

Disadvantage of Waterfall Process Model

A
  1. No working software is produced until
    late during the life cycle
  2. Poor model for long and ongoing projects
  3. High amounts of risks and uncertainty
  4. It’s not a good model for complex and
    object oriented projects
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24
Q

collects the information, help of SRS, CRS, BRS software, customer, business
requirements specifications

A

Requirements Analysis

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25
Q

Feasibility Study, high level people analyze whether the project is doable or not.
Considers economic, operation, technical, schedule

A

Specification

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26
Q

architecture of the project. Uses HLD (flowchart, decision tree), LLD

(Components), high and low level design Implementation
- coding, Uses program
language such java, phyton

A

Design

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27
Q

function, according to the requirements of customers or clients Installation
- if the system is bug free or virus free

A

Test

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28
Q

error correction, enhancement of capabilities, optimization

A

Maintenance

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29
Q

Waterfall Process Model

A
  1. Requirements Analysis
  2. Specification
  3. Design
  4. Test
  5. Maintenance
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30
Q

Advantages of Spiral Model

A
  1. It provides continuous and repeated
    development which helps in risk
    management
  2. It provides the past development and the
    futures are added in a systematic manner
  3. Clients get the opportunity to see the
    software or products after every cycle
  4. It is the most preferable model for large
    and complex projects or software
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31
Q

Disadvantages of Spiral Model

A
  1. Spiral models are expensive due to the
    high level of expertise required for risk
    analysis
  2. The spiral model is not suited for small
    projects
  3. The overall success of the project
    depends on the risk analysis phase
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32
Q

System relationships

A
  1. first order relationship
  2. second-order relationships
  3. redundancy
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33
Q

Association of two systems that benefit each other An example is symbiosis

A

First order relationship

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34
Q

called synergistic, are those that are complementary and add to system
performance

A

Second order relationship

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35
Q

exists when duplicate components are present for the purpose of assuring
continuation of the system function in case of component failure.

A

Redundancy

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36
Q

a lower system, if two hierarchical levels are involved in a given system

A

subsystem

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37
Q

are the parts that perform the processing

A

Operating components

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38
Q

four system limits, boundaries or scope

A
  1. environment
  2. inputs
  3. outputs
  4. throughput
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39
Q

everything that remains outside the boundary of a system

A

Environment

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40
Q

materials, energy, information often pass through the boundaries

A

Input

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41
Q

material, energy, information that pass from the system to the environment

A

Output

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42
Q

enters the system in one form and leaves the system in another

A

Throughput

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43
Q

are the material, energy, or information being altered

A

Flow components

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44
Q

at whatever level in the hierarchy, consists of all components, attributes, and
relationships needed to accomplish one r more objectives.

A

Total system

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45
Q

purposeful action performed by a system

A

Function

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46
Q

limits an operation of a system and define the boundary within which it is
intended to operate

A

Constraints

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47
Q

Classification of system

A

Natural system
- human-made system
- human modified system
- conceptual system
- physical system
- static system
- dynamic system
- closed system
- open system

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48
Q

Include those that came into being through natural processes

A

Natural system

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49
Q

Are those in which human beings have intervened through components
attributes and relationships

A

Human made system

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50
Q

Is a natural system into which a human made system has been integrated as a
subsystem

A

Human modified system

51
Q

Are organizations of ideas

A

Conceptual system

52
Q

Are those that manifest themselves in physical form those made up of real
components occupying space

A

Physical system

53
Q

Those that have structure but without activity as viewed in a relatively short
period of time

A

Static system

54
Q

Is one whose states do not change because it has a structural components but no
operating or flow components as exemplified by a bridge

A

Static system

55
Q

Exhibits behaviors because it combines structural components with operating
and or flow components

A

Dynamic system

56
Q

Is one that is relatively self contained and does not significantly interact with its
environment

A

Closed system

57
Q

Allows information energy and platter to across its boundaries. It interacts with
their environment example being plants ecological systems and business
organizations

A

Open system

58
Q

The product life cycle

A

Acquisition phase
- utilization phase
- design phase
- startup phase
- operation phase
- retirement phase

59
Q

It may involve both the customer or procuring agency and the producer or
contractor

A

Acquisition phase

60
Q

It may include a combination of contractor and customers (or ultimate user)
activities

A

Utilization phase

61
Q

Is a systematic approach to creating a system design to simultaneously considers
all phases of all the life cycle from conception through disposal to include
consideration of production distribution maintenance phase out and so on

A

Concurrent engineering

62
Q

____ should not only transform a need into a system configuration but should
also ensure the designs compatibility with related physical and functional
requirements

A

Design

63
Q

Introduced by Royce in 1970 initially for software development

A

Waterfalls process model

64
Q

It was introduced by boehm 1986 which is adapted from waterfall model

A

Spiral process model

65
Q

It is a risk driven approach for the development of products or system

A

Spiral process model

66
Q

It is a model introduced by Forsberg and Mooz

A

Vee process model

67
Q

This model starts with user needs on the upper left and ends with a user
validated system on the upper right

A

Vee process model

68
Q

Four stages of spiral processing model

A

Planning
risk analysis
engineering and execution
evaluation

69
Q

first and most important phase of the system design and development process

A

Conceptual design phase

70
Q

it is an early and high-level life-cycle activity with the potential to establish,
commit, and otherwise predetermine the function, form, cost, and development
schedule of the desired system and its products

A

Conceptual design phase

71
Q

it should be performed with the objective of translating a broadly defined “want”
into a more specific system-level requirement

A

Need analysis

72
Q

A structured process or mechanism for determining customer requirements and
translating them into relevant technical requirements that each functional area
and organization level can understand and act upon.

A

Quality function deployment

73
Q

System Operational Requirements

A
  1. Mission
  2. Performance or physical parameters
  3. Operational deployment or distribution
  4. Operational life cycle
  5. Utilization requirement
  6. Effectiveness factors
  7. Environment
74
Q

Translates customer requirements into technical requirements

A

Product planning

75
Q

Translates technical requirements into component characteristics

A

Product design

76
Q

the systems engineering process generally commmences with the identification
of a “want” or “desire” for something based on some “real” deficiency

A

Product definition

77
Q

Identifies process steps and parameters and translates them into process
characteristics

A

Process planning

78
Q

Assigns control methods to process characteristics

A

Process control planning

79
Q

It extends the translation of system level requirements into design requirements
for the subsystem level

A

Preliminary design phase

80
Q

It refers to a specific or discrete action that is necessary to achieve a given
objective

A

Function

81
Q

It is accomplished with the objective of evaluating the different technological
approaches that may be considered in responding to the specified functional
requirements

A

Feasibility analysis

82
Q

Is an iterative process of breaking requirements down from the system level to
the subsystem and as far down the hierarchical structure as necessary to identify
input design criteria and or/ constraints for the various elements of the system

A

Functional analysis

83
Q

Requirements for Feasibility Anslysis

A

Identify the various possible design
approaches that can be pursed to meet the
requirements
- Evaluate the most likeley candidates in
terms of performance effectiveness,
logistics requirement, and life-cycle
economic criteria
- Recommend a preferred approach

84
Q

identification of the prime mission of the system and alternate or secondary
mission

A

Mission definition

85
Q

definition of the operating characteristics or functions of the system such as size,
weight, range, accuracy, bits, capacity, transportation, receive, etc.

A

Performance and Physical Parameters

86
Q

identification of the quantity of equipment, software, personnel, facilities, and
so on.
expected geographical location to include transportation and mobility
requirements

A

Operational deployment or distribution

87
Q

anticipated time that the system will be in operational use

A

Operational life cycle (horizon)

88
Q

percentage of total capacity, operational cycles per month, facility loading, etc.)

A

Utilization requirements

89
Q

Effectiveness Factors

A

a) Cost/system effectiveness
b) Operational availability, readiness rate,
dependability
c) Logistics support effectiveness
d) Mean time between maintenance
(MTBM)
e) Failure rate
f) Maintenance downtime (MDT)
g) Facility utilization
h) Operator skill levels
i) Task accomplishment requirements
j) Personnel efficiency

90
Q

Serves as a basis in the development of the following:
- Electrical and mechanical design for functional packaging, condition monitoring
and diagnostics provisions
- Reliability models and block diagram
- FMECA
- FTA
- RCM Analysis
- System safety/ hazards analysis
- Maintainability Analysis
- Level of repair analysis
- MTA
- OTA
- OSDs
- Supportability analysis
- Operating and maintenance procedures
- Functionality and disposability analysis

A

Functional analysis

91
Q

system is expected to operate (e.g., temperature, humidity, artic or tropics,
mountains, or flat terrain, airborne, ground, shipboard, etc.

A

Environment

92
Q

Maintenance and Support Concept

A
  1. Maintenance and support planning
  2. Supply support (spare/repair parts and
    associated inventories)
  3. Maintenance and support personnel
  4. Training and training support
  5. Test, measurement, handling, and
    support equipment
  6. Packaging, handling,
    storage/warehousing, and transportation
  7. Maintenance facilities
  8. Computer resources (hardware and
    software)
  9. Technical data, information systems, and
    databases structures
93
Q

specific performace-related factors are identified and applied with the objectives
of ensuring that the system will be designed and developed such that it will
satisfactorily accomplish its intended mission

A

Technical performance measure

94
Q

Technical Performance Measures (TPMs)

A

Process time (days)
- Velocity (mph)
- Availability (Operational)
- Size (feet)
- human factors
- Weight (pounds)
- Maintainability (MTBM)

95
Q

In a generic sense, can be defined as “the probability that a system or product
will perform in a satisfactory manner for a given period of time when used under
specified operating conditions

A

Reliability

96
Q

This technique is a straightforward method that assigns equal reliability
requirements for all subsystems based on the system requirements. While being
easy to compute, it lacks the sophistication to discriminate between actual
subsystem reliabilities.

A

Equal Apportionment Technique

97
Q

is that characteristic of design and installation that reflects the ease, accuracy,
safety, and economy of performing maintenance actions

A

Maintainability

98
Q

Detail design baseline derived during ________

A

Preliminary design

99
Q

Steps of Detail Design and Development Phase

A
  1. Definition of system elements
  2. Preparation of design data
  3. Development of physical models of the
    system or major system component
  4. Conductance of system integration and
    test.
100
Q

Procurement and acquisition of _________ begin, components are combined and
integrated into a next higher assembly, and a physical model of a system is
constructed fortest and evaluation

A

System Concept

101
Q

The integration, test and evaluation steps constitute a bottom-up activity and
should result in a ________ that can be assessed for a compliance with initially
specified customer requirements

A

Configuration

102
Q

Enumeration:
Integration of system elements

A

Hardware,
- Components
- Software
- People
- System Requirements
- Real Estate
- Facilities
- Data/Information
- Consumables

103
Q

As an additional aid to the designer, physical three-dimensional scale models or
_______ are sometimes constructed to provide a realistic simulation of a
proposed system configuration

A

Mockup

104
Q

A ________ represents the production/construction configuration of a system
(and its elements) in all aspects of form, fit, and function except that it has not
been fully “qualified” in terms of operational and environmental testing

A

Prototype model

105
Q

The purpose it to assist in the verification and technical concepts and various
system design approaches. Areas of noncompliance with the specified
requirements are identified and corrective action is initiated as required.

A

System prototype development

106
Q

Enumeration:
Design Documentation methods

A

design drawings
- Materials and part lists
- Analyses and reports

107
Q

represent a working system or/an element of the system, that will exhibit the
functional performance characteristic define in this specification

A

Engineering models

108
Q

represents working of element of the system that reflects the end product in
terms of functional performance and physical dimensions

A

Service test model

109
Q

Enumeration:
Detail Design Reviews

A

Equipment/Software design Review
- Critical design Review
- design Review Goal

110
Q

comprehensive analysis of all the equipment, software, and any other elements

A

Equipment/ software design

111
Q

will be doing after comprehensive analysis of all the elements, before releasing to
the production

A

Critical design review

112
Q

Stages of System Testing and Evaluation

A

Analytical
- Type I Testing
- Type II Testing
- Type III Testing
- Type IV Testing

113
Q

it pertains to certain design evaluation that can be conducted early in the system
life cycle using computerized techniques to introduce CAD, CAM, CALS,
simulation, rapid prototyping, and related approaches

A

Analytical

114
Q

it refers primarily to the evaluation of the system components in the laboratory
using engineering breadboards, bench test models, service test models, rapid
prototyping

A

Type 1 testing

115
Q

Enumeration:
Type 2 Testing

A
  1. Environmental Qualifications
  2. Reliability Qualification
  3. Maintainability Demonstration
  4. Support Equipment Compatibility
  5. Technical Data Verification
  6. Personnel Test and Evaluation
  7. Software Compatibility
116
Q

Evaluation of prototype and production models (production sampling)

A

Type 2 testing

117
Q

temperature cycling, shock and vibration, humidity, sand and dust, salt spray,
acoustic noise, explosion proofing, and electromagnetic interface

A

Environmental qualification

118
Q

sequential testing, life testing, environmental stressscreening (ESS), and test,
analyze and fix

A

Reliability qualifications

119
Q

verification of maintenance tasks, task times and sequences, maintenance
personnel quantities, and skill levels, degree of testability and diagnostic
provisions, prime equipment - test equipment interfaces, maintenance
procedures, and maintenance facilities

A

Maintainability Demonstration

120
Q

verification that software meets the system requirements, the compatibility
between software and hardware, and that the appropriate quality provisions
have been incorporated

A

Software compatibility

121
Q

system test and evaluation requirements defined

A

Conceptual Design

122
Q

it is conducted during the system operational use and life-cycle support phase,
includes formal tests that re sometimes conducted to acquire specific
information relative to some are of operation or support

A

Type 4 testing

123
Q

have been incorporated
Software compatibility
it includes the completion of formal tests and designed field test sites by user
personnel over an extended period of time. Operating personnel, operational
test and support equipment, operational spares, applicable computer software,
and validated operating and maintenance procedures are used.

A

Type 3 testing

Information Systems (3 decks)

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