SDL (practical + passports and identification)

Question 1

equine passports - compulsory?

Answer 1

YES
all equids must have passport from 6 months of age (BY LAW)

Question 2

equine passports - what do they include (6)

Answer 2

• routine vaccs
• indicate if intended for human consumption
• written NARRATIVE AND drawn SILHOUETTE of the indiv horse
• breeding history
• previous owners
• microchip no.

Question 3

completing an equine passport - who?

Answer 3

qualified vet. surgeon

Question 4

completing an equine passport - guidance to refer to?

Answer 4

‘10 Principles of Certification’
(RCVS guidance)

Question 5

anatomy diagram with names - see onenote make anki flashcards of each key body part?

Question 6

equine height
describe how to measure

Answer 6

• ensure horse stood ‘square’ on a level surface
• use ‘measuring stick’
• measure from ground to highest point of withers

Question 7

horses vs ponies - how to differentiate

Answer 7

horses 14.3hh or over AT MATURITY

ponies 14.2 or below AT MATURITY

Question 8

picking out hooves - see onenotefor step by step

Question 9

signs of low arousal (4)

Answer 9

• head level with withers
• droopy bottom lip
• resting hind leg (not always?)
• ears relaxed/occasionally moving back and forth

Question 10

signs of high arousal (4)

Answer 10

• head above withers
• teeth bared
• constant limb movement
• ears alert/flat against head

Question 11

lunging is a form of…

Answer 11

controlled exercise for horses

Question 12

lunging: 3 ways/times it may be used

Answer 12

1) alt form of exercise if horse cannot be ridden

2) training aid - improve fitness, muscle definition

3) veterinary examination - to identify lameness

Question 13

approach horses…

Answer 13

towards (horse’s) left shoulder

Question 14

5 common methods of restraint

Answer 14

• head collar and lead rope
• bridle (incls normal bit)
• chifney
• chemical (e.g. sedation)
• holding up one leg
• neck and/or nose twitch (not to be used on every horse - indiv dep)

Question 15

“chifney”
what does it do?
what is it classed as?

Answer 15

• applies direct pressure to tongue and bars of mouth = more control for handler
• ‘in-hand’ bit = to handle horses on ground ONLY

Question 16

how to:
nose twitch

Answer 16

‘humane’/wooden device on top lip and applying pressure

Question 17

how to:
neck twitch

Answer 17

grasping fold of skin on neck and twisting

Question 18

why do ‘twitches’ immobilise horses? (3)

Answer 18

1) stim of nerve endings = endorphin release

2) horse reacts to twitch as painful stimuli

3) horse becomes flooded with sensory info

Question 19

equine boots - what are they for?

Answer 19

protect horses distal limb

Question 20

equine boots - list 5 diff types

Answer 20

1 tendon boots

2 fetlock boots

3 overreach boots

4 brushing boots

5 travel boots

Question 21

tendon boots - what do they do?

Answer 21

protect tendons on (palmer aspect of) fore legs from being struck by hind feet when jumping

Question 22

tail bandages - when they may be used:

Answer 22

(VET) keep tail clean and out of way during procedures e.g. rectal exam.

protect from damage during transport

Question 23

fetlock boots - what do they do?

Answer 23

protect (medial aspect of) hind fetlocks from injury when jumping

Question 24

4 key points to note when using tail bandages:

Answer 24

• not left on >3hrs
• tail dry before applying (prevent sores)
• equal pressure applied to entire bandage
• velcro/bandage straps fastened using same amount of pressure as rest of bandage

Question 25

stable bandages - what are they for?

Answer 25

keep wound clean and provide support to limb

Question 26

microchips - compulsory?

Answer 26

YES (oct 2020)

Question 27

microchips - implanted where?

Answer 27

in/adjacent to nuchal ligament at top of left mid crest

Question 28

microchips - what to do PRIOR implantation? 2

Answer 28

- scan neck for presence of microchip - test that microchip functioning correctly

Question 29

microchips - what to do AFTER implantation?

Answer 29

- re-scan implantation site to confirm successful implantation

Question 30

horses - gestation period

Answer 30

320-340 days

Question 31

horses - puberty period

Answer 31

12-24 months

Question 32

filly

Answer 32

female horse UNDER 4 yrs

Question 33

mare

Answer 33

female horse 4 or OLDER

Question 34

colt

Answer 34

UNCASTRATED male horse UNDER 4yrs

Question 35

STALLION

Answer 35

UNCASTRATED male horse 4yrs or OLDER

Question 36

gelding

Answer 36

CASTRATED male ANY age

Question 37

donkeys - gestation period

Answer 37

340 - 370 days

Question 38

donkeys - puberty

Answer 38

12-24 months

Question 38

male donkey

Answer 38

jack

Question 39

female donkey

Answer 39

jenny

Question 40

mule (define)

Answer 40

offspring from jack + mare (male donkey + female horse)

Question 40

hinny - define

Answer 40

offspring from stallion + jenny (male horse + female donkey)

Question 40

common colours: BAY

Answer 40

Clear defined colour line between black lower part of legs and general tan/brown of rest of body black mane and tail ***avoid using 'light/dark bay' as seasonal colour variation = misleading***

Question 41

common colours: BROWN

Answer 41

Whole coat brown (almost black) no distinguishing colour line between upper and lower part of legs brown mane and tail, often tan in stifle fold often light brown muzzle

Question 41

common colours: BLACK

Answer 41

Whole coat (incl legs, body, stifle fold, muzzle) black mane and tail black **any indication of tan = brown** may have lack of pigment In hoof when white marks on legs (still classed as black?)

Question 42

common colours: CHESTNUT

Answer 42

Reddish/yellow brown chestnut mane and tail - may be lighter OR darker than body lower limbs may be white

Question 42

common colours: GREY

Answer 42

Body coat = mix of black and white hairs **SKIN BLACK** increasing age = coat lighter many variations with age and season majority not grey as foals

Question 43

common colours: ROAN

Answer 43

Mix of many white and brown/chestnut hairs intensity varies with season **thoroughbreds rarely roan - most which appear roan are in transition period of going grey - and they look like they are aswell**

Question 43

5 additional less common colours:

Answer 43

Piebald (white w black) Skewbald (white w any other colour) Cream ('white'?) Dun (looks like the horse from spirit) Palomino (looks strawberry blonde-ish with white mane and tail)

Question 44

additional ch. noted on passports: name them (5)

Answer 44

- Flesh marks (absence of pigment e.g. pink nose) - Whorls - Prophets thumb - Acquired marks (scars, bites, BRAND OR FREEZE MARKS) - PERMANENT - Microchip placement (if moved from nuchal ligament)

Question 45

what is a whorl

Answer 45

change in direction of flow of hair (typically circles but may also be linear)

Question 46

what is the 'prophet's thumb' mark?

Answer 46

muscular depression usually in neck, sometimes in shoulders and occasionally in hindquarters

Question 47

acquired marks: usually seen as? indicated in sketch by?

Answer 47

- white hairs - BLACK arrow