SDL (practical + passports and identification) Flashcards
equine passports - compulsory?
YES
all equids must have passport from 6 months of age (BY LAW)
equine passports - what do they include (6)
- routine vaccs
- indicate if intended for human consumption
- written NARRATIVE AND drawn SILHOUETTE of the indiv horse
- breeding history
- previous owners
- microchip no.
completing an equine passport - who?
qualified vet. surgeon
completing an equine passport - guidance to refer to?
‘10 Principles of Certification’
(RCVS guidance)
anatomy diagram with names - see onenote make anki flashcards of each key body part?
equine height
describe how to measure
- ensure horse stood ‘square’ on a level surface
- use ‘measuring stick’
- measure from ground to highest point of withers
horses vs ponies - how to differentiate
horses 14.3hh or over AT MATURITY
ponies 14.2 or below AT MATURITY
picking out hooves - see onenotefor step by step
signs of low arousal (4)
- head level with withers
- droopy bottom lip
- resting hind leg (not always?)
- ears relaxed/occasionally moving back and forth
signs of high arousal (4)
- head above withers
- teeth bared
- constant limb movement
- ears alert/flat against head
lunging is a form of…
controlled exercise for horses
lunging: 3 ways/times it may be used
1) alt form of exercise if horse cannot be ridden
2) training aid - improve fitness, muscle definition
3) veterinary examination - to identify lameness
approach horses…
towards (horse’s) left shoulder
5 common methods of restraint
- head collar and lead rope
- bridle (incls normal bit)
- chifney
- chemical (e.g. sedation)
- holding up one leg
- neck and/or nose twitch (not to be used on every horse - indiv dep)
“chifney”
what does it do?
what is it classed as?
- applies direct pressure to tongue and bars of mouth = more control for handler
- ‘in-hand’ bit = to handle horses on ground ONLY
how to:
nose twitch
‘humane’/wooden device on top lip and applying pressure
how to:
neck twitch
grasping fold of skin on neck and twisting
why do ‘twitches’ immobilise horses? (3)
1) stim of nerve endings = endorphin release
2) horse reacts to twitch as painful stimuli
3) horse becomes flooded with sensory info
equine boots - what are they for?
protect horses distal limb
equine boots - list 5 diff types
1 tendon boots
2 fetlock boots
3 overreach boots
4 brushing boots
5 travel boots
tendon boots - what do they do?
protect tendons on (palmer aspect of) fore legs from being struck by hind feet when jumping
tail bandages - when they may be used:
(VET) keep tail clean and out of way during procedures e.g. rectal exam.
protect from damage during transport
fetlock boots - what do they do?
protect (medial aspect of) hind fetlocks from injury when jumping
4 key points to note when using tail bandages:
- not left on >3hrs
- tail dry before applying (prevent sores)
- equal pressure applied to entire bandage
- velcro/bandage straps fastened using same amount of pressure as rest of bandage
stable bandages - what are they for?
keep wound clean
and
provide support to limb
microchips - compulsory?
YES (oct 2020)
microchips - implanted where?
in/adjacent to nuchal ligament
at top of left mid crest
microchips - what to do PRIOR implantation? 2
- scan neck for presence of microchip
- test that microchip functioning correctly
microchips - what to do AFTER implantation?
- re-scan implantation site to confirm successful implantation
horses - gestation period
320-340 days
horses - puberty period
12-24 months
filly
female horse UNDER 4 yrs
mare
female horse 4 or OLDER
colt
UNCASTRATED male horse UNDER 4yrs
STALLION
UNCASTRATED male horse 4yrs or OLDER
gelding
CASTRATED male ANY age
donkeys - gestation period
340 - 370 days
donkeys - puberty
12-24 months
male donkey
jack
female donkey
jenny
mule (define)
offspring from
jack + mare
(male donkey + female horse)
hinny - define
offspring from
stallion + jenny
(male horse + female donkey)
common colours: BAY
Clear defined colour line between black lower part of legs and general tan/brown of rest of body
black mane and tail
avoid using ‘light/dark bay’ as seasonal colour variation = misleading
common colours: BROWN
Whole coat brown (almost black)
no distinguishing colour line between upper and lower part of legs
brown mane and tail,
often tan in stifle fold
often light brown muzzle
common colours: BLACK
Whole coat (incl legs, body, stifle fold, muzzle) black
mane and tail black
any indication of tan = brown
may have lack of pigment In hoof when white marks on legs (still classed as black?)
common colours: CHESTNUT
Reddish/yellow brown
chestnut mane and tail - may be lighter OR darker than body
lower limbs may be white
common colours: GREY
Body coat = mix of black and white hairs
SKIN BLACK
increasing age = coat lighter
many variations with age and season
majority not grey as foals
common colours: ROAN
Mix of many white and brown/chestnut hairs
intensity varies with season
thoroughbreds rarely roan - most which appear roan are in transition period of going grey - and they look like they are aswell
5 additional less common colours:
Piebald (white w black)
Skewbald (white w any other colour)
Cream (‘white’?)
Dun (looks like the horse from spirit)
Palomino (looks strawberry blonde-ish with white mane and tail)
additional ch. noted on passports: name them (5)
- Flesh marks (absence of pigment e.g. pink nose)
- Whorls
- Prophets thumb
- Acquired marks (scars, bites, BRAND OR FREEZE MARKS) - PERMANENT
- Microchip placement (if moved from nuchal ligament)
what is a whorl
change in direction of flow of hair
(typically circles but may also be linear)
what is the ‘prophet’s thumb’ mark?
muscular depression usually in neck,
sometimes in shoulders and occasionally in hindquarters
acquired marks:
usually seen as?
indicated in sketch by?
- white hairs
- BLACK arrow
