LECTURE - housing and husbandry Flashcards
give 4 common equine housing types
- traditional stabling
- american barn
- crew yard
- grass kept
why might infections spread faster/easier in american barn stabling than traditional stabling?
all horses are contained in the same airspace (despite being individually housed)
give a disadvantage of having horses “grass kept”
may have to be box kept if injured/sick - owner may not have access to stable AND welfare implications for horse (not fair to restrict outside access so much for a horse that is used to being outdoors 24/7)
7 types of equine bedding
straw (wheat/barley/oat)
wood shavings
shredded wood fibre
flax and hemp (from chopped stems)
paper
cardboard
rubber matting
straw bedding: pros (2)
+
- relatively cheap
- readily avail (time of year may ^ cost as harvest approaches and stocks low)
straw bedding: cons (4)
- can vary greatly in quality
- may contain high levels of dust and mould spores = noy suitable for horses/carers who are susceptible to resp disorders
- muckheap can be large and difficult to tidy
- some may consume straw (not suitable for these horses)
wood shaving bedding: pros (3)
+
- can be used for horses/carers with or sus. to resp diseases/that eat bedding
- support for hooves (the shavings compact inside hooves)
- easy to stack and store (usually packed in polythene wrapped bales)
wood shaving bedding:
-
quality of shavings varies greatly, low quality = high dust content and potentially sharp splinters
shredded wood fibre: PROS (7)
ALL PROS
- env friendly: manufactured from selected recycled white wood
- low dust levels and absorbent: keeps surface of bed dry
- less likely to move around: red risk of injury when horse getting up/lying down
- consistently high quality
- widely avail
- supports hooves: compacts under them
- easy to manage with very little waste = small muck heap
flax and hemp: PROS (2)
+
- low dust content
- packaged in heavy duty plastic bags = easily stored
flax and hemp: CONS (2)
- expensive
- horses may eat (rare): look out for as flax and hemp indigestible (?)
paper: PROS (4)
- low dust levels
- non palatable
- bales wrapped in polythene = easy to store
- cheap
paper: CONS (3)
- long strips hard to muck out (stick together and difficult to sep from droppings)
- (cheap BUT) large no of bales needed to create thick bed
- ink may stain lighter coat colours
cardboard: PROS
+
- low dust
- clumps together when wet = easy removal
- (for vets) easy to view/spot blood
cardboard: CONS (2)
- move around stable = bare patches when horse moves around = injury risk (grip)
- clumps and difficult to sep from droppings = wasteful
rubber matting: PROS (5)
- amount of bedding used sig red.
- saves time mucking out
- red size of muckheap (=less waste)
these 3^ = easy to manage - support for hooves and limbs
- red risk of injury (grip)
rubber matting: CONS (2)
- hygiene standards must be high (thoroughly clean under to prev ammonia and dirty bedding build up)
6 features of well designed stable
- suitable size (can lie down and turn around)
- ventilation and drainage adequate
- free from draughts/water damage
- free access to water (bucket/automatic)
- bedding
- haynet at horse head height (not lower - risk of hoof catching)
3 factors that bedding may depend on
1 owner pref (finance, allergies - dust etc.)
2 indiv horse needs
3 availability (e.g. straw and harvest)
4 reasons to keep a horse at grass
exercise/fitness
horse-to-horse contact
access to natural forage
break from routine
5 key features of good grassland management
- fresh clean water
- good quality grass
- droppings removed weekly (at least)
- appt stocking density (1-1.5 acres/horse)
- (natural or artificial) shelter
- appt fencing
poor grassland management (3)
- sheep/barbed wire fencing - injury/stuck
- grass not healthy = prolonged time in wet and muddy env = mud fever (type of pastern dermatitis) = pain = reluctant to put feet up (problem for vets)
- no grass access = eat other dangerous things e.g. dangerous plants, wood from fence posts, acorns (large quant = fatal)
how to maintain good grassland (pasture management)
- removal of faeces (AT LEAST weekly)
- harrowing regularly
- fertilising pasture = good gras growth
- resting paddocks = grass growth not damaged = not poached