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ABD Board Review > Scrotum > Flashcards

Scrotum Flashcards

1
Q

infection may extend into testicle causing orchitis

sono findings:

A

enlarged hypoechoic testicle

increased blood flow

decreased arterial resistence

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2
Q

varicocele

A

dilatation of pampiniform venous plexus of the testicular veins which drain the testicle

90% on left

distend with valsalva

most common correctable cause of male infertility

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3
Q

two types of benign testicular cysts

A

cysts of tunica albuginea

intratesticular cysts (normally near mediastinum)

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4
Q

epidermoid cysts

A

benign germ tumor origin

well-circumscribed, solid

hypoechoic, echogenic ring

lay beneath tunica albuginea

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5
Q

small ovoid structure located beneath the head of the epididymis, remnant of the Mullerian duct

A

appendix testis

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6
Q

carry seminal fluid from the rete testis to the epididymis

A

efferent ductules

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7
Q

hydroceles in men over 40 may be idiopathic or a result of:

A

trauma, torsion, neoplasms, epididymitis, or orchitis

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8
Q

nonseminomas associated with what lab value

A

alpha fetoprotein

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9
Q

testicular abscess

A

usually a complication of epididymo-orchitis

enlarged testicle, hypoechoic or mixed echoes

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10
Q

spermatic cord consists of

A

vas deferens

cremasteric, deferential, testicular arteries

pampiniform plexus of veins

lymphatics

nerves

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11
Q

multiple septations arise from the tunica albuginea to form:

A

mediastinum testis

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12
Q

testicular microlithiasis

A

risk of testicular germ cell tumor

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13
Q

most common testicular tumor in infants and young childern

A

yolk sac tumor

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14
Q

testicular infarct

A

uncommon

triangular-shaped avascular intratesticular lesion

appearence depends on age of infarct

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15
Q

risk factors of seminoma

A

cryptorchidism

family history

infertility

klinefelter syndrome

down syndrome

smoking

white race

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16
Q

scrotal calcifications

A

scrotal pearl

within testicle or between layer of tunica vaginalis

17
Q

leydig cell tumors

A

always benign in children, malignant variants have been reported in adults

produces testosterone resulting in precocious puberty

may secrete estrogen

normal lab values

18
Q

types of testicular torsion

A

partial testicular torsion

torsion-detorsion syndrome

intermittent testicular torsion

extravaginal testicular torsion: outside tunica vaginalis, exclusively in newborns

19
Q

layer of muscle fibers lying beneath the scrotal skin and the scrotum into two chambers

A

dartos

the division is called scrotal raphe

20
Q

a detached efferent duct, small stalk projecting off the epididymis

A

appendix epididymis

21
Q

without attachment to tunica vaginalis, testicle can rotate freely on spermatic cord

A

bell clapper deformity

intravagninal testicular torsion

22
Q

ductal anatomy of scrotum

A

seminiferous tubules, tubuli recti, rete testis, efferent ductules, ductus epididymis, vas deferens

23
Q

anorchia

A

congenital absence of testicle

24
Q

tubules that carry sperm to the epididymis

A

rete testis

25
Q

nonseminomas

A

consists of other cell types such as embryonal carcinomas, teratomas, yolk sac tumors, choriocarcinomas

26
Q

what lesions result from prior episodes of epididymitis

A

epidiymal cysts

spermatoceles

27
Q

cryptochidism complications

A

infertility and cancer

cancer risk in undescended and contralateral testis

28
Q

sono appearence of malignant testicular neoplasms

A

hypoechoic

major of intratesticular masses are malignant

29
Q

acute epididymitis

A

most common cause of acute scrotal pain

usually caused by sexually transmitted diseases or UTI

fever, pyuria

30
Q

saccular extension of peritoneum into the scrotal chambers, inner layer is visceral and outer layer is parietal

A

tunica vaginalis

31
Q

most common germ cell type found in both pure seminoma and mixed germ cell testicular masses

A

seminoma

favorable prognosis

32
Q

most common extratesticular tumor

A

adenomatoid tumor

appear in epididymis

33
Q

testicular blood flow

A

deferential artery

cremasteric (external spermatic)

testicular

34
Q

evaluation of what lab values

A

beta-hCG, AFP, LDH

35
Q

cystic masses of the epididymis that result from dilatation of the epididymal tubules, filled with thick milky fluid

A

spermatoceles

36
Q

sono findings of epididymitis

A

enlarged hypoechoic epididymis

increased blood flow

reactive hydrocele

scrotal wall thickening

37
Q

testicular artery divides into what branches

A

capsular and centripetal (intratesticular)

ABD Board Review (8 decks)

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