Prostate

Question 1

relational anatomy of prostate

Answer 1

pubic bone anterior

rectum posterior

bladder superior

urogenital diaphragm inferior

Question 2

central zone

Answer 2

superior portion 25% of gland tissue

ejaculatory ducts pass through this zone from the seminal vesicles to teh urethra

Question 3

eiffel tower sign

Answer 3

shadowing created by edge artifact or calcification of the prostatic urethra

Question 4

seminal vesicle cysts

Answer 4

posterior to bladder arises from seminal vesicle cephalic to prostate

associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis or atresia of ejaculatory duct

Question 5

ejaculatory ducts

Answer 5

duct that passes through the central zone and empties into the urethra

duct originates from the combination of the vas defferens and seminal vesicle

Question 6

surgical capsule

Answer 6

demarcation between the inner gland and the outer gland

Question 7

arterial supply

Answer 7

inferior vesical artery, branches from internal iliac artery

Question 8

prostate cancer facts

Answer 8

200,000 cases per year

mortality of 30,000 per year

rick factors: age older than 65, black men, family history

Question 9

PSA levels

Answer 9

<4 ng/mL normal

4-10 ng/mL benign/potential malignancy

> 10 ng/mL most likely cancer

Question 10

corpora amylacea

Answer 10

calcifications commonly seen in the inner gland of the prostate

Question 11

verumontanum

Answer 11

longitudinal ridge within the urethra in which the orifices of the ejaculatory ducts are located on either side

Question 12

utricle cysts

Answer 12

tear drop shape with midline location at the level of the verumontanum

associated with hypospadias and uilateral renal agenesis

Question 13

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 13

enlargement of transitional zone of the prostate

Question 14

elevation of prostate specific antigen

Answer 14

prostate cancer

BPH

prostatitis

Question 15

peripheral zone

Answer 15

posteriorly located portion of the prostate containing 70% of the prostatic glandular tissue

location of most prostate cancers

extends into apex

Question 16

transitional zone

Answer 16

contains 5% of gland tissue

origin of benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 17

mullerian duct custs

Answer 17

midline location that are difficult or impossible to distinguish from a prostatic utricle cyst

Question 18

ejaculatory duct cysts

Answer 18

result in hematospermia, ejaculatory pain, and infertility

Question 19

prostate staging

Answer 19

1 clinically nonpalpable

2 palpable nodule confined to prostate

3 palpable nodule extending through capsule

4 metastases

Question 20

method of prostate biopsy

Answer 20

lesion directed biopsy

systematic sextant biopsy

parasagittal sextant biopsy

Question 21

fibromuscular stroma

Answer 21

anterior nonglandular tissue

not affected by cancer, prostatitis or hyperplasia

Question 22

grading system of prostate cancer

Answer 22

gleason grading system

based upon microscopic appearence

higher score is more progressive and worse prognosis

Question 23

sono appearence of prostate cancer

Answer 23

appearence varies

classic appearence is a hypoechoic, peripherally oriented lesion

Question 24

prostate volume

Answer 24

volume= height x width x lengthx 0.52

Question 25

seminal vesicles

Answer 25

two sac-like out-pouching of the vas defferens situated adjacent to the superior/posterior aspect of the prostate between bladder and rectum

Question 26

apex and base of gland

Answer 26

apex is inferior and base is superior gland below the bladder