Scrotal disease: Hydrocele

Question 1

Definition

Answer 1

Collection of fluid in the tunica vaginalis
- TV is a sealed pouch of membrane that surrounds the testis.

Question 2

Epidemiology

Answer 2

Primary: New borns, common and larger
Secondary:
- Testes tumour
- Trauma
- Infection
- TB
- TT
- Generalised oedema
In adults communicating hydroceles may present for first time due to fluid overload or continuous peritoneal ambulatory dialysis

Question 3

Signs and Symptoms

Answer 3

Soft, non-tender swelling around one of the testes
The swelling will be in front of and below the testicle
- non-reducible
- smooth
Simple hydroceles remain one size
- Communicating hydroceles can fluctuate in size depending on the volume of fluid from the peritoneal cavity
KEY FEATURE: THEY TRANSLUMINATE WITH LIGHT

Question 4

Diagnosis

Answer 4

USS

Question 5

Treatment

Answer 5

Simple hydroceles: resolves spontaneously within 2 years without any lasting negative effects
Communicating hydrocele: surgical operation to remove or ligate the connection