Screening and Vaccination Flashcards
SEE OBGYN deck for screenin
Hypothyroidism
Cystic fibrosis
Phenylketonuria
Rare metabolic:
Maple syrup urine disease
Isovolaemic ….
MCAD ?
If disease not covered in detail elsewhere cover here
Do one flash card on all the metabolic ones
What is on the vaccination schedule at birth?
BCG for TB if baby is deemed at risk:
Family infection in past 6m
Family from area where TB is endemic (as may be more likely to visit or be visited by contacts in the future)
What is on the vaccination schedule at 2 months?
6-in-1 = diphtheria, whooping cough (pertussis), tetanus (DPT), polio, HiB, Hep B
Men B
Oral rotavirus vaccine
PCV - pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
(DPPT, all the B’s, ORV, PCV)
What is on the vaccination schedule at 3 months?
6-in-1
Oral rotavirus vaccine
What is on the vaccination schedule at 4 months?
6-in-1
PCV
Men B
What is on the vaccination schedule at 12-13 months?
Hib/Men C
MMR - measles, mumps and rubella
PCV
Men B
What is on the vaccination schedule at 2-8 years?
Flu vaccine (annual)
What is on the vaccination schedule at 3-4 years?
4-in-1 preschool booster = DPT + polio
MMR
What is on the vaccination schedule at 12-13 years?
Human papilloma virus (HPV) - both sexes
What is on the vaccination schedule at 13-18 years?
3-in-1 teenage booster = tetanus, diphtheria, polio
Men AWYC (also offered to students going to university up to age 25, automatically offered by GP age 17/18)
What types of vaccines are there?
Live attenuated - MMR, BCG, rotavirus
Inactivated whole cell - pertussis
Inactivated toxin - diphtheria, tetanus
Conjugated - HiB, Men C
Cell wall/envelope components - flu, men B
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What is herd immunity?
Form of indirect protection from disease when enough members of a population have become immune to a specific infection, thereby providing a measure of protection to individuals who are not immune – chains of infection more likely to be broken, stopping/slowing the spread of disease
Can result in disease eradication ie with small pox
Useful for individuals who cannot take vaccines – immunodeficient, newborn infants, those who cannot generate a proper immune response to the vaccine and those in whom the vaccine is contraindicated
Not perfect as the numbers of ‘free riders’ who choose not to vaccinate increases, the efficacy of herd immunity decreases – there is a threshold level where it is acceptable/functional
What is developmental dysplasia of the hip and some risk factors of it?
A congenital dislocation of the hip
Slightly mor common on the left, 20% of cases are bilateral
Risk factors: Female sex - 6x greater Breech presentation Positive FHx First born children Oligohydraminos Birth weight >5kg
How is developmental dysplasia of the hip screened for and managed?
With Barlow’s and Ortolani’s tests on a NIPE
USS for confirmation if Dx suspected, also done in anyone born breech
Most hips will stabilise within 3-6wks
Pavlik harness - flexion-abduction orthosis - in children younger than 4-5months
Older children may need surgery
What is cleft palate and some risk factors associated with it?
1/1000 babies with abnormalities in developing craniofacial structures:
Isolated cleft lip - 15%
Isolated cleft palate - 40%
Combined cleft lip and palate - 45%
Risks: Polygenic Trisomy 18, 13 Maternal antiepileptic or benzodiazepine use Maternal rubella infection
What problems are associated with cleft lip/palate and how do you manage the condition?
Feeding - orthodontic devices
Speech - SALT - good prognosis for speech development
Increased risk of otitis media
Surgery:
Repair lip first - week 1 - 3m old
Repair palate - 6-12m
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What are the notifiable diseases? (there are 32)
Acute encephalitis Acute infectious hepatitis
Acute meningitis Acute poliomyelitis Anthrax
Botulism Brucellosis
Cholera
Diphtheria
Enteric fever (typhoid or paratyphoid fever)
Food poisoning
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS)
Infectious bloody diarrhoea Invasive group A streptococcal disease
Legionnaires’ disease
Leprosy
Malaria
Measles
Meningococcal septicaemia Mumps
Plague
Rabies
Rubella
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Scarlet fever
Smallpox Tetanus
Tuberculosis Typhus
Viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF)
Whooping cough
Yellow fever
