Screening Flashcards
What is prevalence in relation to screening?
The number of people with the target condition.
What is a false positive in screening?
Incorrectly identifying someone as being at risk of a condition when they’re not.
What is a false negative in relation to screening?
Incorrectly identifying someone as being at a low risk of a condition when they are in fact at a high risk.
When do we carry out the screening test for sickle cell and thallasaemia?
At 8-10 weeks of pregnancy.
When do we carry out the screening test for infectious diseases in pregnancy?
As early as possible. If initially refused, we re offer the screening test at 20 weeks.
When do we carry out the screening test for foetal anomaly.
Offered between 18 and 20 weeks of pregnancy.
When do we carry out the screening test for Downs, Edwards and Pataus syndrome?
Recommended between 11 and 14 weeks.
When do we do a newborn hearing test?
Anytime between 0 and 5 weeks.
When do we carry out a newborn physical examination?
Within the first 72 hours. We do a follow up examination at 6-8 weeks.
When do we carry out the newborn blood spot test?
Between days 5 and 8.
How to we screen for sickle cell and thallasaemia? Are the conditions inherited?
We screen using a blood test.
Both are inherited conditions.
What problems does sickle cell cause?
Prevents red blood cells from carrying oxygen.
What does thallasaemia inhibit?
The bodies production of haemoglobin.
When should we reoffer screening for infectious diseases in pregnancy?
If initially refused at 20 weeks, and if the woman changes sexual partners.
What 3 conditions does the infectious diseases in pregnancy test screen for?
HIV, Hepatitis B and Syphilis.
What chromosomes do Downs, Edwards and Patau’s syndromes effect?
Downs- 21
Edwards- 18
Patau’s- 13
What do Edwards and Patau’s syndromes cause?
Increased likeliness of miscarriage or still birth. If the baby is born living, the conditions cause severe brain abnormalities and the babies are unlikely to survive until adulthood.
What sort of scan is the fetal anomaly test?
An ultrasound scan carried out at 18-20 weeks.
Why must we detect newborn hearing abnormalities early?
Early identification is vital for speech, language and social development.
Name 4 conditions which the newborn blood spot screens for?
- sickle cell disease (effects red blood cells oxygen carrying capabilities).
- cystic fibrosis (leads to damage of the lungs).
- maple syrup urine disease (baby is unable to break down certain amino acids which can lead to brain damage and death. Requires a low protein diet).
- congenital hypothyroidism (babies do not make enough thyroxine which leads to severe mental and physical disabilities. Thyroxine tablets can be given).
