SCREENING Flashcards
Screening is The early detection of:
Disease
● Precursors of disease
● Susceptibility to disease
The presumptive identification of those who probably have the disease from those who do not have the disease by means of rapidly applied tests in apparently healthy individuals (WHO).
screening
Iceberg of Disease
Only the symptomatic cases are visible. Carriers are considered as invisible cases.
detection of disease precursors of disease as a guide to the medical care
of individuals.
Prescriptive Screening
attacks a more broader population. all population
prospective screening
Uses of screening
Case Detection- Prescriptive Screening (Person’s benefit)
Case or Disease Control- Prospective Screening (Benefit of others)
Research- Natural History of Disease
Health Education- Public Awareness
Compare screening and diagnostic
SCREENING
Asymptomatic (At risk)
Large Group
Less Accurate
Not Conclusive
Less Expensive
Not Basis for Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC
Suggestive Clinical Picture
Single Subject
Accurate
Conclusive
Expensive
Basis for Treatment
large-scale screening of the whole population with no selection process.
Mass
selection of the high-risk population
High-Risk or Selective
the application of two or more screening tests in combination with one group of the population
multiphasic or multiple
difference between population approach and high risk strategy
POPULATION APPROACH
Not cost effective. Potential to alter the root cause of disease.
Large chance to reduce disease incidence. Small benefit to individual.
Poor subject motivation.
HIGH-RISK STRATEGY
Cost effective.
Fails to deal with the root cause of disease.
Small chance in reducing the disease incidence. Intervention appropriate to an individual.
Subject motivated
BENEFITS OF SCREENING TESTS
Improvedprognosisforsomecasesdetected.
* Less radical treatment (cures some early cases).
*Reassurance with negative test results.
LIMITATIONS OF SCREENING TESTS
*Hazard of screening(venipuncture, radiation)
*Resource costs(diversion of scarce resources to
screening program)
*False reassurance with false negative test results.
*Anxiety and depression with false positive results.
Newborn Screening, Cancer Screening, Sugar in Urine
Prescriptive Screening
examples of infancy screening test
Growth Charts Metabolic Screening Hearing Test
