SCREENING Flashcards
what is screening?
a way of identifying apparently healthy people who may have an increased risk of a particular condition
what are females screened for during pregnancy?
foetal anomaly screening programme at 20 weeks
infectious diseases in pregnancy screening programme at 8-12 weeks
sickle cell and thalassemia screening programme before 10 weeks
what are only females screened for in adult hood and when?
cervical screening programme to everyone with a cervix- 25-49 every 3 years and 50-64 every 5 years
breast screening programme between 50-70 every 3 years
what are only males screened for?
abdominal aortic aneurysms once between at around age 65
why is it important that men are screened for AAAS?
because 1/7 have one and 8/20 leads to death
what are men and women screened for in adulthood?
bowel cancer between 56-74 every 2 years
what are newborns screened for?
newborn and infant physical examination screening at a few days old
newborn blood spot screening programme
newborn hearung screening programme
what are children with diabetes screened for at age 12?
retinal screening to identify early signs of diabetic retinopathy
what are the 10 principles of screening?
the condition sought should be an important health problem
there should be an accepted treatment for patients with recognized disease
facilities for diagnosis and treatment should be available
there should be a recognizable latent or early symptomatic stage
there should be a suitable test/examination
the test should be acceptible to the population
the natural history of condiiton should be adequately understood
there should be an agreed policy on whom to treat as patients
the cost of case finding should be economically balanced in relation to possible expenditure on medical care as a whole
case finding should be a continuing process
why do we screen people?
early detection; helping to reduce the risk of disease or to detect a condition early enough to treat it most effectively.
what are the cons of screening?
increasingly sensitive tests have raised the risk of overdiagnosis
some screening procedures can have risks
if a person has no signs of cancer but find out they have it then they will not necessarily get treatment any quicker than if they had waited for symptoms to appear
outline inequalities in screening?
the highest risk people are least likely to access screening - the inverse care law
who is less likely to engage with screening?
low socio economic groups or those living in deprivation
ethnic minorities and migrants (due to language barriers and different attitudes towards screening)
transgender e.g. cervical screening
disabilities
what are some barriers to screening?
fear, cultural barriers, moving addresses so not recieving updates, putting things off if not percieved at risk, language barriers, not having symptoms, not knowing how to get an appointment
embarassment
lack of transport
mic-conceptions
childcare (free childcare is offered but this may nt be known about)
