Scramble for Africa Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Brussels Conference and who attended?

A

1876 -Held by King Leopold of Belgium for the leaders from geographical societies across Europe

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2
Q

What were the effects of Brussels Conference? (esp in Congo)

A

Increased European superstition: International African Association sent Henry Morton Stanley to advise in Congo region and became apparent that Leopold wanted his own Congo Empire French and German hired explorers- and Portugal asserted claims to control mouth of Congo River in 1884

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3
Q

What were the conclusions of the Brussels Conference ?

A
  • Africans were incapable of developing natural resources
  • European intervention in Africa was necessary
  • Routes to great lakes must be opened with infrastructure
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4
Q

When was the Berlin Conference and who attended?

A

1884-85. Hosted by German Diplomat Otto von Bismarck and representatives of major European powers attended to divide up Africa

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5
Q

What ideas were discussed/negotiated at the Berlin Conference?

A
  • Powers negotiate their respective claims to territory; ‘spheres of influence’ established;key ideas re free trade and accessible communication (esp near the Congo)
  • Believed there should be co-operation amongst the European powers
  • Effective occupation principle affirmed by the signing of the General Act by all who attended
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6
Q

What is effective occupation?

A

A European power could assert claim to land if it was effectively occupied by them ie if it had local administration set up

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7
Q

What did Berlin conference lead to?

A

Mainly because of idea of effective occupation, led to scramble for Africa: by 1890, 90% of Africa in European hands vs 1870, 10% of Africa was occupied

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