Expansion in Africa 1857-1914

Question 1

Between 1880 and 1900 how much of Africa was appropriated by European powers?

Answer 1

90%

Question 2

By 1900 how many square miles did Britain have?

Answer 2

5 million square miles

Question 3

What were the five main reasons the British expanded in Africa?

Answer 3

• Trade and economy - Personal Influence - Strategic Factors - Moral Factors - Adventure and Exploration

Question 4

Give two points regarding trade on the economy as to why Britain expanded in Africa?

Answer 4

Coal, iron and timber sort in Africa to feed demands of the British industry manufacturing goods. Protectionism in USA France and Germany limited Britain’s access to these markets

Question 5

Give two points regarding personal influence as to why Britain expanded in Africa?

Answer 5

George Goldie and Cecil Rhodes recognised and capitalised on new commodities and in the process found fortunes. Victorian explorers traced maps, published findings and spread exotic tales

Question 6

In regards to strategic factors explain to factors as to why the British expanded in Africa?

Answer 6

Britain’s coastal interests in west Africa demanded protection for us to be built along the Gold Coast and offences in Sierra Leone.- In the 1870’s Britain is status as a dominant world power became under threat

Question 7

Give one moral factor there is a reason for the British expanding in Africa?

Answer 7

From the 1860’s onward, Christian missionaries saw it was their duty to spread evangelical Christianity

Question 8

Between 1857 and 1890 the British extended their influence across African territory give one example as to how they did this militarily?

Answer 8

In 1874 the Gold Coast became a Crown Colony after war against the Ashanti.

Question 9

Who were the five main individuals that helped expansion occur in Africa?

Answer 9

Richard Burton- Cecil Rhodes- William Mackinnon - George Goldie - Evelyn Baring

Question 10

What was Richard Burton’s main contribution to the expansion in Africa?

Answer 10

Produced 43 volumes on his explorations and five books on West Africa.

Question 11

Give two things Cecil Rhodes did that made him so important to expansion in Africa?

Answer 11

In 1889 he formed the British South Africa company.- He owned all of South Africa’s diamond mines which was 90% of global production

Question 12

What was the main thing William McKinnon did for the expansion in Africa and when was this?

Answer 12

In 1888 he founded the Imperial British East Africa company but rapidly went bankrupt.

Question 13

Give two things George Goldie did that increased the British influence in Africa?

Answer 13

In 1876 he formed the central African trading company.- In 1886 he created the Royal Niger company

Question 14

Why was Evelyn Baring so important in Egypt?

Answer 14

In 1877 he was sent to help Pasha out of financial difficulties and remained the real ruler of Egypt (Consul-General) until his resignation in 1907

Question 15

What were the two main conferences in regards to the scramble for Africa?

Answer 15

• Brussels Conference 1876- Berlin Conference 1884 - 85

Question 16

Give three factors that were identified as being important at the Brussels conference?

Answer 16

• Africans were seen to be in capable of developing natural resources.- Portugal asserted claims to the mouth of the Congo.- The competition for the territory increased and people became suspicious of Leopold’s actions

Question 17

Give three characteristics that were considered during the Berlin conference?

Answer 17

• In 1884 80% of Africa it was still under local control.- In 1990 90% of the continent was in European hands.- Powers should protect indigenous people