Scott's Notes

Question 1

What are the different toxidromes? (CASH SOS)

Answer 1

Cholinergic
Anticholinergic
Hallucinogenic
Sympathomimetic

Sedative-hypnotic
Opioid
Serotonin

Question 2

What is a maladaptive behavior?

Answer 2

Any behavior that interferes with a person’s activities, ability to participate, or ability to adjust.

Question 3

What is substance use disorder?

Answer 3

A syndrome that causes significant distress or impairment in daily lives.

Question 4

What is dependence?

Answer 4

Compulsion to use a substance to experience its effects.

Question 5

What is tolerance?

Answer 5

A physiologic response that requires a dosage to be increased to produce the same effect.

Question 6

What is withdrawal?

Answer 6

Physiologic response that occurs after someone stops or reduces the use of a dependent substance.

Question 7

How does chlorine gas affect the body?

Answer 7

Lacrimation
Sore throat
Stridor
Tracheobronchitis
Pulmonary edema

Question 8

What does lead poisoning do to the body? (PCSD)

Answer 8

Paralysis
Coma
Seizures
Death

Question 9

List the neurocognitive disorders.

Answer 9

Delirium
Dementia

Question 10

List the neurodevelopmental disorders.

Answer 10

Autism spectrum disorder
Schizophrenia

Question 11

Chain of transmission

Answer 11

Pathogenic agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Transmission
Portal of entry
Host susceptibility

Question 12

List the stages of infectious disease.

Answer 12

Latent period
Incubation period
Communicability period
Disease period

Question 13

Latent period

Answer 13

Infection has occurred, but agent cannot be passed to others or cause significant symptoms

Question 14

Incubation period

Answer 14

Time from entry of the pathogen and onset of illness

Question 15

Communicability period

Answer 15

Follow the latent period and lasts as long as the agent is present and can spread to other hosts

Question 16

Disease period

Answer 16

Follow the incubation period, symptoms arise from organism or body’s response to disease

Question 17

What is mononucleosis?

Answer 17

Caused by Epstein-Barr Virus
Spreads by oropharyngeal route and saliva
Causes fever, lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly

Question 18

What are lice?

Answer 18

Small, wingless insects. Can be pubis (genital), capitis (head), or corporis (body)

Question 19

Lice life cycle

Answer 19

Eggs - 7-10 days
Nymph - 7-13 days
Egg-to-egg - 3 weeks

Question 20

What are scabies?

Answer 20

Small, wingless insect that burrows into the epidermis of its host

Question 21

Stages of the inflammatory response

Answer 21

Cellular response to injury
Vascular response to injury
Phagocytosis

Question 22

Cellular response to injury

Answer 22

Injury damages cell’s metabolism and decreases energy reserves. Sodium accumulates and lyses the cell

Question 23

Vascular response to injury

Answer 23

Hyperemia produces edema. Leukocytes collect in the vessels and attract more leukocytes through chemotactic factors

Question 24

Phagocytosis

Answer 24

Leukocytes engulf, digest, and destroy pathogens

Question 25

Difference between antigens and allergens

Answer 25

Antigen - have marker molecules that identify them as foreign
Allergen - substances (maybe antigens) that cause an allergic reaction

Question 26

STI vs STD

Answer 26

STI is acute, STD is chronic

Question 27

Routes of poisoning

Answer 27

Ingestion
Inhalation
Injection
Absorption

Question 28

Lyme disease

Answer 28

Red dot
“Bulls-eye” red rash
I - Fever, lethargy, muscle pain
II Cardiac abnormalities, neurologic effects
III - Arthritis

Question 29

Pneumonia vs influenza

Answer 29

Pneumonia - acute inflammation of bronchioles and alveoli

Influenza - A, B, or C. Rapidly mutates. May lead to pneumonia

Question 30

What is anemia?

Answer 30

Condition in which hemoglobin or erythrocytes is lower than normal
-Iron-deficiency
-Hemolytic

Question 31

Iron-deficiency anemia

Answer 31

Lack of iron prevents bone marrow from making enough hemoglobin for RBCs

Question 32

Pernicious anemia

Answer 32

Vitamin B12 deficiency prevents body from making adequate number of RBCs.

Question 33

Hemolytic anemia

Answer 33

Premature destruction of RBCs (hemolysis)

Question 34

RBCs

Answer 34

Most abundant cell in body
Produced in bone marrow
Life span of 120 days
Contain 270 million hemoglobin molecules

Question 35

WBCs

Answer 35

Destroy foreign substances
-Monocytes: 5% of total
-Lymphocytes: 27.5% total
-Neutrophils: 65%
-Eosinophils/basophils: 2.5%

Question 36

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

Answer 36

Small, sticky fragments of megakaryocytes (large bone marrow cells)
Swarm to vessel injuries and change into irregular shapes to plug leaks

Question 37

Lymphocytes

Answer 37

WBCs formed in lymphoid tissue

Question 38

Activated charcoal indications

Answer 38

Carbamazepine
Dapsone
Anticholinergics
Opioids
Phenobarbital
Quinine
Sustained-release drugs
Theophylline
Drug packets

Question 39

Activated charcoal contras

Answer 39

Cyanide
Hydrocarbons
Alcohols
Ferrous sulfate
Lithium
Mineral acid ingestion
Strong acids
Strong alkalis