Scott's Notes Flashcards
What are the different toxidromes? (CASH SOS)
Cholinergic
Anticholinergic
Hallucinogenic
Sympathomimetic
Sedative-hypnotic
Opioid
Serotonin
What is a maladaptive behavior?
Any behavior that interferes with a person’s activities, ability to participate, or ability to adjust.
What is substance use disorder?
A syndrome that causes significant distress or impairment in daily lives.
What is dependence?
Compulsion to use a substance to experience its effects.
What is tolerance?
A physiologic response that requires a dosage to be increased to produce the same effect.
What is withdrawal?
Physiologic response that occurs after someone stops or reduces the use of a dependent substance.
How does chlorine gas affect the body?
Lacrimation
Sore throat
Stridor
Tracheobronchitis
Pulmonary edema
What does lead poisoning do to the body? (PCSD)
Paralysis
Coma
Seizures
Death
List the neurocognitive disorders.
Delirium
Dementia
List the neurodevelopmental disorders.
Autism spectrum disorder
Schizophrenia
Chain of transmission
Pathogenic agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Transmission
Portal of entry
Host susceptibility
List the stages of infectious disease.
Latent period
Incubation period
Communicability period
Disease period
Latent period
Infection has occurred, but agent cannot be passed to others or cause significant symptoms
Incubation period
Time from entry of the pathogen and onset of illness
Communicability period
Follow the latent period and lasts as long as the agent is present and can spread to other hosts
Disease period
Follow the incubation period, symptoms arise from organism or body’s response to disease
What is mononucleosis?
Caused by Epstein-Barr Virus
Spreads by oropharyngeal route and saliva
Causes fever, lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly
What are lice?
Small, wingless insects. Can be pubis (genital), capitis (head), or corporis (body)
Lice life cycle
Eggs - 7-10 days
Nymph - 7-13 days
Egg-to-egg - 3 weeks
What are scabies?
Small, wingless insect that burrows into the epidermis of its host
Stages of the inflammatory response
Cellular response to injury
Vascular response to injury
Phagocytosis
Cellular response to injury
Injury damages cell’s metabolism and decreases energy reserves. Sodium accumulates and lyses the cell
Vascular response to injury
Hyperemia produces edema. Leukocytes collect in the vessels and attract more leukocytes through chemotactic factors
Phagocytosis
Leukocytes engulf, digest, and destroy pathogens
Difference between antigens and allergens
Antigen - have marker molecules that identify them as foreign
Allergen - substances (maybe antigens) that cause an allergic reaction
STI vs STD
STI is acute, STD is chronic
Routes of poisoning
Ingestion
Inhalation
Injection
Absorption
Lyme disease
Red dot
“Bulls-eye” red rash
I - Fever, lethargy, muscle pain
II Cardiac abnormalities, neurologic effects
III - Arthritis
Pneumonia vs influenza
Pneumonia - acute inflammation of bronchioles and alveoli
Influenza - A, B, or C. Rapidly mutates. May lead to pneumonia
What is anemia?
Condition in which hemoglobin or erythrocytes is lower than normal
-Iron-deficiency
-Hemolytic
Iron-deficiency anemia
Lack of iron prevents bone marrow from making enough hemoglobin for RBCs
Pernicious anemia
Vitamin B12 deficiency prevents body from making adequate number of RBCs.
Hemolytic anemia
Premature destruction of RBCs (hemolysis)
RBCs
Most abundant cell in body
Produced in bone marrow
Life span of 120 days
Contain 270 million hemoglobin molecules
WBCs
Destroy foreign substances
-Monocytes: 5% of total
-Lymphocytes: 27.5% total
-Neutrophils: 65%
-Eosinophils/basophils: 2.5%
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
Small, sticky fragments of megakaryocytes (large bone marrow cells)
Swarm to vessel injuries and change into irregular shapes to plug leaks
Lymphocytes
WBCs formed in lymphoid tissue
Activated charcoal indications
Carbamazepine
Dapsone
Anticholinergics
Opioids
Phenobarbital
Quinine
Sustained-release drugs
Theophylline
Drug packets
Activated charcoal contras
Cyanide
Hydrocarbons
Alcohols
Ferrous sulfate
Lithium
Mineral acid ingestion
Strong acids
Strong alkalis
