Scope 2 Flashcards
Which of the following best describes scope validation?
A. It ensures the WBS is completely defined.
B. It involves formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables.
C. It is used to determine the correctness of the deliverables.
D. It is a key part of the requirements analysis process.
Answer: B
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
Scope Validation typically occurs near the end of the project and involves formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables. In other words, it ensures the project deliverables meet the documented project requirements. Verifying the correctness of the deliverables is a function of quality control.
Which of the following is true for a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)?
A. Each descending level represents an increase in detail of work
B. Each ascending level represents an increase in detail of work
C. Level of detail does not change with position of work on the WBS
D. Each descending level represents a decrease in detail of work
Answer: A
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The WBS is organized with increasing detail of work shown at each descending level in the structure. All other statements do not hold true for WBS.
You have just completed a Work Breakdown Structure for a new project responsible for manufacturing the turbine of a new jet engine. You have decomposed the WBS down to the work package level and have created the code of accounts. The WBS element 1.7.A is at what level in the WBS?
A. 2
B. 3
C. work package
D. Cannot be determined
Answer: B
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
Level 1: 1 Level 2: 7 Level 3: A
You are working on the WBS. The finance manager has given you a numbering system to assign to the WBS. Which of the following is true?
A. The numbering system is a unique identifier known as the code of accounts, which is used to track the costs of the WBS elements.
B. The numbering system is a unique identifier known as the WBS dictionary, which is used to track time and resource assignments for individual work elements.
C. The numbering system is a unique identifier known as the code of accounts, which is used to track time and resource assignments for individual work elements.
D. The numbering system is a unique identifier known as the WBS dictionary, which is used to track the costs of the WBS elements.
Answer: A
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
Each element of the WBS is assigned a unique identifier. Individually these are known as control accounts, but collectively these are known as the code of accounts. Typically, these codes are associated with a corporate chart of accounts and are used to track the costs of the individual work elements in the WBS.
Which of the following statements is not true about the WBS?
A. It is created by the project team.
B. It should not change.
C. It ensures that all work on the project is covered.
D. It organizes and defines the total scope of work.
Answer: B
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The WBS is created by the project team. It ensures that all work on the project is included. Also, it helps organize and define all work on the project. The WBS can sometimes get updated, for example when approved changes to scope occur.
You are working on a software design project that will support your company’s accounting and reporting functions. You are not an accounting expert, but as the project manager you need to ensure the project’s main objectives are met. Previous projects have failed to meet requirements due to conflicting stakeholder expectations. Your organization is very risk averse and you are operating under tight schedule constraints. With whom should you be consulting as you work to define the scope of the project?
A. Sponsor
B. Project team and previous project managers
C. Industry Experts
D. All key stakeholders, plus subject matter experts as needed
Answer: D
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
Here you need to establish the scope of the project, and you must consult with those people being affected by this project to ensure their needs are met. Subject matter experts are also needed to help translate requirements into practical applications.
What time-boxed activity is used to plan scope for an upcoming sprint?
A. Sprint planning meeting
B. Daily standup meeting
C. Sprint retrospective
D. Scrum of scrums
Answer: A
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
Option A is correct. The sprint planning meeting is a time-boxed activity (8 hours for a 1 month sprint) used to identify the user stories (scope) to be completed during the next sprint.
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the WBS?
A. It organizes the project team and shows reporting structures
B. It assigns work to individual team members
C. It makes the project easier to plan and oversee
D. It describes the business value to be delivered by the project
Answer: C
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The correct answer is choice C. The WBS is a hierarchical decomposition of the work to be completed on a project and the main purpose is to make time and costs easier to estimate. Choice A describes the purpose of a project organization chart. Choice B describes a Work Authorization System. Choice D describes the Project Charter.
You recently published the scope statement and the supporting detail. The supporting detail contains all of the following except:
A. Constraints
B. Exclusions
C. Code of accounts
D. Assumptions
Answer: C
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
Supporting details to the scope statement include project exclusions, assumptions, constraints, deliverables, product scope description, and product acceptance criteria. The code of accounts is assigned to the elements while creating the WBS.
To what does Document Analysis refer?
A method used to elicit requirements by analyzing existing documentation and identifying information relevant to the requirements
What is a Context Diagram?
A technique that visually depicts the product scope by showing a business system, and how people and other factors will interact with it
What is Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis?
A technique that utilizes a decision matrix to provide a systematic, analytical approach for establishing criteria to evaluate and rank ideas
What is an example of Quality Function Deployment (QFD)?
Sessions often used in the manufacturing industry that help determine critical characteristics for new product development
What is a Joint Application Design/Develop (JAD) session?
Sessions often used in the software development industry to focus on bringing business SMEs and the development team together to improve the software development process
What are examples of Focus groups?
A meeting that brings stakeholders together to learn about perceived risk, success criteria and other factors; it is conducted in a very conversational way
What is the purpose of the Collect Requirements process?
To determine, document and manage stakeholder needs to meet project objectives
What is the key benefit of the Define Scope process?
It describes the product, service, and result boundaries by defining which requirements collected will be included in or excluded from the project scope
What is Value Engineering?
An approach used to optimize project life cycle costs, save time, increase profit, improve quality, and use resources more effectively
What is the purpose of the Define Scope process?
It refines the results of the Collect Requirements process to decide what work should be included or excluded from project work
A management control point where scope, budget, actual cost and schedule are all integrated and compared to earned value for performance measurement?
Control Account
Which of the following is a WBS component below the Control Account with known work content but without detailed schedule activities?
Planning Package
Which of the following is a numbering system used to uniquely identify each component of the WBS?
Code of Accounts
Decomposition includes subdividing the work down to which of the following?
Work Packages are the lowest level of the Work Breakdown Structure and do not include activities,
What is the goal of the Create WBS process?
It subdivides project deliverables and project work into smaller, more manageable components
A list of accounts that explain how money is being spent in the project?
Chart of Accounts
You are a new project manager in a small biotech company. You have just finished the project and your project team has completed its last deliverable and the sponsor wants to review the deliverables to ensure all requirements were met. Which of the following would you not need in order to complete this process?
A. Accepted Deliverables
B. Requirements Traceability Matrix
C. WBS dictionary
D. Project Management Plan
Answer: C
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The question describes the Validate Scope process, for which B and D are inputs. Answer A, Accepted Deliverables, is an output to Validate Scope and is also needed to complete the process.
All of the following are true regarding decomposition except for which one?
A. It’s an output of the Define Scope process.
B. It’s a tool and technique of the Create WBS Process.
C. It is tool and technique of the Define Activities process.
D. It subdivides the major deliverables into smaller components.
Answer: A
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
Decomposition subdivides the major deliverables into smaller components. It is a tool and technique of Create WBS (and Define Activities).
You are a project manager for a large aeronautical industry company. So far your project has been fairly successful with only minor problems and changes. The project team is executing the work packages of your project when a serious disagreement regarding the interpretation of the scope is brought to your attention by your most trusted team member. Your project sponsor also has a different opinion. How should you proceed?
A. The dispute should be resolved in favor of the project sponsor.
B. The project team should have a meeting to decide on the proper resolution.
C. The dispute should be resolved in favor of the customer.
D. You should consult the project management plan, charter, scope baseline, and any contracts from the customer for guidance.
Answer: D
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
This disagreement needs to be resolved, and the PM should consult all the relevant information available before proceeding. Having done so, you can then consult with key stakeholders to gain further clarification if necessary.
Which of the following is not a problem associated with a poorly-defined WBS?
A. There may be constant changes to the project
B. A misunderstanding of the project objectives or business need
C. Budget is not well-defined
D. Project may be subject to unforeseen delays
Answer: B
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The project objectives and business need are part of the requirements documentation, thus changes to the WBS should have no impact on them. Without a defined WBS, constant changes to the project, unforeseen project delays, and a poorly-defined budget will always be present because the work has not been broken down into work packages.
A project manager is working with a customer who repeatedly submits new feature requests for an existing software product. The project manager has already provided the completed scope definition for the next version of the product released to stakeholders. Which step is appropriate for the project manager to take next?
A. Hold a meeting with the product manager to request that the number of new requests be reduced.
B. Define project boundaries immediately with the sponsor.
C. Organize a meeting with the stakeholders to set expectations.
D. Analyze the scope management plan and iterate it through the scope definition process.
Answer: D
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The scope management plan documents how the project and product scope will be defined, validated, and controlled. The key benefit of this document is it provides guidance and direction on how scope will be managed throughout the project. PMBOK Guide Sixth Edition (2017), 5. Project Scope Management / 5.1.3.1 Scope Management Plan, p137
You have just completed the requirements documentation and created your scope statement. What should you do next?
A. Validate the project scope
B. Define the activities
C. Create a WBS
D. Control the project scope
Answer: C
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The WBS should be completed after the requirements are collected and the scope defined.
You have over 86 scope items that are being broken down in your WBS. What is the name for the lowest level of the WBS?
A. Activity
B. Deliverable
C. Work package
D. Node
Answer: C
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The work package is the name for the lowest level in the WBS.
You are the project manager for a $1,000,000 project with 50 resources. The team has just completed the WBS, and they are working on identifying risks. This project is very similar to other projects you have completed for your organization and the risk is minimal. What is the next thing you should have the team work on?
A. Create an activity list based off the WBS
B. Looked at lessons learned and other historical information to come up with activities
C. Develop the Responsibility Assignment Matrix and Risk Management Plan
D. Validate the project scope
Answer: A
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The WBS has been created. You can be in the process of identifying risks while completing the activity list at the same time, but the logical next step after WBS is to break the work packages down into activities. This will result in an activity list. You are in the process of identifying risks, so the risk management plan (Choice C) should already have been created. Developing the responsibility assignment matrix (also part of Choice C) is a good idea but without activities identified, it would be difficult to say who is responsible for those activities. Validating the project scope (Choice D) is a customer process (Validate Scope) and it is too early in the project to do this.
During user testing a client agreed to a final product. A few days later the client is reconsidering their agreement. What should the project manager do?
A. Review the project acceptance criteria.
B. Refer to the project quality management plan.
C. Review the requirements documentation.
D. Refer to the project’s project charter.
Answer: A
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The definition of acceptance criteria may significantly increase or decrease quality costs and, therefore, project costs. Satisfying all acceptance criteria implies the needs of the stakeholder have been met. PMBOK Guide Sixth Edition (2017), 5. Project Scope Management / 5.5.3.1 Accepted Deliverables, p166. The Project Management Tool Kit, 100 Tips and Techniques for Getting the Job Done Right (2010), 88. Scope verification / Scope Process
You are reviewing the project deliverables and developing your checklist of project requirements. You can typically find the requirements for acceptance in which of the following documents?
A. Plan Project Scope Statement
B. Acceptance Criteria
C. Work breakdown structure
D. Project Charter
Answer: B
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
Acceptance Criteria, part of the Scope Statement, will specify the terms for product acceptance. Project Scope Statement is correct also, but Product Acceptance Criteria is more focused and the better answer.
Which of the following best describes the key benefit of scope management planning?
A. It provides requirement, direction and detail of the Sponsors interest
B. It provides guidance and direction for how scope will be integrated with cost and schedule
C. It provides guidance, direction and support external to the team supporting the scope baseline
D. It provides guidance and direction of how scope will be managed throughout the project
Answer: D
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The second sentence of every process begins with, the key benefit of this process is. For the knowledge area it states the key benefit is it provides guidance and direction of how scope will be managed throughout the project.
Which of the following are outputs of plan scope management which contribute to the development of the Scope statement, WBS and WBS Dictionary?
A. Requirements Management Plan
B. Scope Management Plan
C. Scope Management Plan and Requirements Management Plan
D. Project Document Updates
Answer: B
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The scope management plan and the requirements management plan are outputs to plan scope management, but only the scope management plan specifies how the scope baseline will be created, executed, monitored and controlled. The requirements management plan tells us how requirements will be collected, tracked and reported throughout the project.
You have acquired some project team members to assist you with creating the WBS, and asked each team member to construct their individual WBSs for the phases of the project to which they have been assigned. The Create WBS process belongs to which of the following:
A. Initiation Process Group
B. Planning Process Group
C. Executing Process Group
D. Monitoring & Controlling Process Group
Answer: B
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
Create WBS is a part of the Planning Process Group.
You have decomposed your WBS to an appropriate level. Work is planned at which level of the WBS?
A. Control account level
B. Activity level
C. Work package level
D. Deliverable level
Answer: C
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The work package level breaks down work objectives to a point where they can be easily assigned. Remember the activities are identified via a separate process (Define Activities).
You are in the process of decomposing the scope statement into smaller, more manageable parts. Which of the following are outputs of this process?
A. WBS, WBS templates, WBS dictionary, and updates to the project scope statement and project management plan
B. Scope baseline and project document updates
C. WBS, WBS templates, WBS dictionary, and scope baseline
D. WBS, WBS dictionary, and scope baseline
Answer: B
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
This questions is referring to the Create WBS process, which is where you would use decomposition to break the scope down into smaller, more manageable parts. The outputs of the Create WBS process are scope baseline and project document updates.
You are the project manager for a large logistics company. You are currently managing a project to prototype a new delivery service using drones to deliver to consumers. This idea has never been implemented and you need to be as creative as possible. In which of the following objectives are brainstorming and lateral thinking used in the scope definition process?
A. Product analysis
B. Alternatives Analysis
C. Expert judgment
D. Stakeholder analysis
Answer: B
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
Brainstorming and lateral thinking are methods of Alternatives Analysis, a type of Data Analysis, where you seek out all possible ways of meeting the project objectives.
You are a project manager working on an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation project. It has been a bumpy start, with numerous delays and unforeseen difficulties. Your sponsor is pressuring you to get the project back on track. Your initial status reports have accurately described the situation and, after some additional resource optimization, you appear to have the project back on track. You have just completed documenting the conditions and capabilities which are required to be present to satisfy your agreements and formally imposed specifications. What should you do next?
A. Create the Work Breakdown Structure
B. Select the final project requirements from the requirements documentation and develop a detailed description of the project and product, service or result.
C. Monitor the project performance based upon the documented conditions and capabilities and issue change requests for any deviation.
D. Define the activities necessary to complete the project in accordance with the description of the project.
Answer: B
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The scenario describes the Collect Requirements process. This process will lead to the completion of the Requirements Documentation and the Requirements Traceability Matrix, which are then inputs to Define Scope. The Define Scope process is where you select the final project requirements from the requirements documentation and develop a detailed description of the project and product, service or result (Choice B). You would create the WBS and define activities (Choices A and D) after defining the scope. Choice C; You would monitor the project performance based upon approved baselines, not the requirements documentation.
Which of the following is used to create the WBS?
A. Product analysis
B. Facilitated workshops
C. Decomposition
D. Alternatives generation
Answer: C
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The WBS simply takes information from Define Scope and breaks it down/organizes it into manageable pieces of work, and this is what decomposition accomplishes.
Which of the following techniques is an example of data analysis?
A. Product analysis
B. Alternatives generation
C. Expert judgment
D. Facilitated workshops
Answer: B
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
Alternatives generation is an example of the Data Analysis technique used to generate different approaches to accomplish the goals of a project. Examples include brainstorming and lateral thinking.
You are the project manager for a large media/entertainment company. You are currently managing a project to build a new amusement park in the Fuji Islands. You are having discussions on exactly what rides and attractions to create that will blend with the local culture and environment. Inputs to the Define Scope process include which of the following?
A. Product Analysis, Alternative Generation, Expert Judgment, Facilitated Workshops
B. Scope Management Plan, Organizational Process Assets, Project Charter, Requirements Documentation
C. Project Management Plan, Requirements Documentation, Requirement Traceability Matrix, Verified Deliverables
D. Organizational Process Assets, Project Scope Statement and Requirement documentation
Answer: B
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
Inputs to the Define Scope process include the Scope Management Plan, Organizational Process Assets, Project Charter and Requirements Documentation.
Your sponsor has recently left the company, and an executive from the company has been designated as the new sponsor. This person was not previously involved in the project, and needs to get up to speed. This sponsor is a definitive stakeholder with a reputation for being difficult to work with. At the meeting and during your conversation, you are asked for details of what the project will produce and the work required to get there. To which document should you refer this sponsor?
A. Scope Statement
B. Project Charter
C. Requirements Documentation
D. Project Management Plan
Answer: A
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The Scope Statement should provide a detailed description of the project’s deliverables and the work necessary to produce them (as opposed to the Charter, which contains a broad, high-level discussion of the project’s goals).
The __ __ should provide a detailed description of the project’s deliverables and the work necessary to produce them (as opposed to the Charter, which contains a broad, high-level discussion of the project’s goals).
The Scope Statement should provide a detailed description of the project’s deliverables and the work necessary to produce them (as opposed to the Charter, which contains a broad, high-level discussion of the project’s goals).
Your project was terminated early because of funding problems and overall dissatisfaction amongst the key stakeholders. This surprises you because you thought the stakeholders were happy with the progress of the project and the deliverables created. In this context, what would be the purpose for utilizing the Validate Scope process?
A. Determine whether stakeholder dissatisfaction is warranted
B. Analyze financial performance to date
C. Document the extent to which the deliverables have been completed
D. Create final reports and lessons learned to review with your Sponsor
Answer: C
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
If the project is terminated early, the project scope validation process could establish and document the level and extent of completion.
The performance measurement baseline consists of which of the following?
A. Scope statement, WBS, WBS dictionary, cost baseline, schedule baseline
B. Scope baseline, Schedule baseline, cost estimates
C. Schedule baseline, WBS Dictionary, Cost Baseline, Scope Description
D. Project Charter, Change Management Plans, Scope Baseline
Answer: A
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The performance measurement baseline is the integrated scope, cost and schedule baseline. Of all the answers, A is best answer. The scope baseline consists of the Scope Statement, WBS, and WBS Dictionary. Cost estimates are not a baseline document, the scope description is a brief description of what is to be done, unlike the detailed scope statement.
Your organization must track costs at a very detailed level, given its detailed and complicated reimbursement agreement from the customer. In this scenario, the control accounts in your WBS should be placed where?
A. At a low level, at or near the Work Package level
B. At the top level
C. At any level, based on your discretion
D. At the activity level
Answer: A
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
In this case, you must track costs at a very granular level, so your control accounts should be placed as low as possible in the WBS. You will have more accounts being monitored in this situation but will be able to track costs very precisely. This may often be done in government contracting. If precision was not your goal and you preferred convenience instead, the control account could be placed at the highest level of the WBS.
You are a project manager for a large construction company. You are working with your project management team on creating the WBS. This is the first WBS that your team has created and there are some issues when you are working through decomposition. Which of the following statements about decomposition is the least accurate?
A. Decomposition involves structuring and organizing the WBS so that deliverables are always listed at level one.
B. Decomposition requires a degree of expert judgment and also requires close analysis of the project scope statement.
C. Decomposition is a tool and technique used to create a WBS.
D. Decomposition subdivides the major deliverables into smaller components until the work package level is reached.
Answer: A
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
Decomposition subdivides the major deliverables into smaller components. It is a tool and technique of the Create WBS process. Level one components may be deliverables, phases, subprojects, or some combination.
The Requirements Traceability Matrix includes which of the following information?
A. The functionality desired by the customer
B. A precise description of all work to be done
C. The end result and deliverables required during the project.
D. A description of each requirement and the business need(s) to which it pertains
Answer: D
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The Requirements Traceability Matrix is an important tool to ensure that extraneous requirements do not make their way into the project scope, and also provides a mechanism for tracking requirements throughout the project.
You are the project manager for a large telecommunications company. You are currently working on an upgrade to the network. So far the project is proceeding according to plan and is below budget. In which process would the project work be organized and assigned identification codes?
A. Develop Project Charter
B. Define Scope
C. Create WBS
D. Validate Scope
Answer: C
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The Create WBS process is where the scope statement is decomposed into smaller and more manageable deliverables, and where work items are assigned identification codes to help track time and costs incurred.
A restriction (e.g. limited budget) that affects the performance of the project is also called a (an):
A. Constraint
B. OPA
C. EEF
D. Risk
Answer: A
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
Constraints are anything that limits your options as a project team. Typical examples are costs, time, quality and scope, however, there could be any number of constraints you have to deal with on a project. Be sure to distinguish constraints from requirements. If you have a deadline of January 1st, that deadline is not a requirement, but rather a constraint. The requirement would be something that must be included in your deliverable that is due on that date.
A CRM software project has entered the closure phase following customer acceptance of the software. On reviewing project performance and deliverables, the project manager determines that the software delivered exceeds the performance criteria as well as provides functional features over and above the ones specified in the requirements specifications approved by the customer. Which of the following is a true assessment of the project performance?
A. The project has been very successful, as the customer has expressed delight.
B. The project has not met the customer’s requirements, as it has provided more than what was requested.
C. The project did not meet the requirements as it could have been more productive than the actual expenditure incurred.
D. The project is successful as specifications have been exceeded without any impact to cost and schedule baselines.
Answer: B
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The project has not met the customer’s requirements because it has been gold-plated. The situation described does not talk about cost and schedule baseline performance. Customer delight is a goal but should be achieved without gold-plating the project. The project may have been better had the extras been charged as well.
You are managing a very complex product development project, with a few unknowns, for an external customer. The customer has provided you with the statement of work and has stated they only want to see you at the end of the ten months, with the completed product. Based on this information, what should you do?
A. Document your customer does not want to be contacted and request the sponsor check in with the customer
B. Explain to the customer the high risk involved of taking such an approach; convey the need for occasional checkpoints to ensure the final scope will meet their needs
C. Verify the scope with the customer occasionally throughout the project, while completing the project as expected
D. Ensure you complete the project within ten months with no contact with the customer until completion
Answer: B
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
Documenting the request (Choice A) is a good idea, but you should not escalate to the sponsor - you handle it yourself. Choice C is incorrect because you are essentially agreeing to the request but then you are not honoring it. It is too risky to not have contact with the customer for ten months, so complying with the request (Choice D) is not the best option. Choice B is the best option. You would first need to explain and convince them periodic check-ins are a good idea - to ensure progress in moving in a direction acceptable to the customer. This way, you could do course corrections if needed to ensure the final product meets the customer expectations.
Project Scope Validation involves all of the following except?
A. Formalized acceptance of completed project deliverables
B. Reviewing deliverables with the customer or project sponsor
C. Verifying the correctness of project deliverables
D. Verifying the completion of project deliverables
Answer: C
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
Verifying the correctness of deliverables is part of the quality control, whereas the total completion of the deliverables is determined via scope validation.
The deliverables on a project are all correct in meeting their requirements and specifications; however, key stakeholders are not happy due to missing and inaccurate components within their deliverables. What is the cause of this?
A. Activities were not estimated correctly
B. Team performance assessments were not done
C. Validation of scope with key stakeholders was not performed
D. Historical information was not available for proper planning
Answer: C
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The lack of C is the primary reason for this problem. Even though requirements and specifications were met (through verified deliverables during Quality Control), Scope Validation ensures the scope definitions are correctly representing the needs of the stakeholders through meeting acceptance criteria, which feeds into the development of the deliverables and subsequent deliverable acceptance.
Alejandro is a world renowned art curator. He has been building out a WBS for his latest upcoming unveiling, and because of the global nature of the art collection for the museum, his project sponsor has requested that work be broken down by geographical location. As he considers all the scope elements involved and the locations that may apply, he begins the process of decomposition as a means to honor the sponsor request. Which of the following best describes decomposition?
A. Waiting for a deliverable to finish so that it can be broken down into smaller tasks
B. Taking a deliverable and breaking it down into the smaller work packages so that it can be better organized and planned
C. Categorizing work packages
D. Dividing work packages into deliverables that can be planned for.
Answer: B
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
Decomposition is the main tool used to create the WBS. It simply means breaking the work down into smaller and smaller components based on how your company does the work.
You are a project manager on the super skyscraper project. You and the stakeholders defined the high-level project scope two months ago. Since then, the project scope has evolved and now provides much more detail about the project. The evolution of the project scope details is best described by which of the following?
A. Rolling Wave Planning
B. Project Baseline Statement
C. Scope Creep
D. Progressive elaboration
Answer: D
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
Answer A is incorrect because rolling wave planning is an iterative planning (scheduling) technique used primarily in long term planning. It is a form of Progressive elaboration, though conducted in a predetermined manner. Answer B is incorrect because there is no such term. Answer C is incorrect because scope creep describes an unplanned and unauthorized expansion of the project scope. Answer D is correct: progressive elaboration is a term used to describe the iterative, ongoing refinement of project plans that occurs throughout the project.
You are conducting an inspection to determine if the work satisfies the requirements and product acceptance criteria. What is the objective of this process?
A. Obtaining formal acceptance of the project’s deliverables
B. Ensuring correctness of work results
C. Obtaining approval to proceed with project execution
D. All of the above
Answer: A
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The question is describing the Validate Scope process. Inspections are a tool and technique that can be used to secure formal acceptance of the project’s deliverables. B describes Control Quality and C describes the Project Charter.
For each of the work packages, you write down details such as initial estimates and information about what account it should be billed against. Where do you store all of that information?
A. Requirements Management Plan
B. WBS
C. WBS Dictionary
D. Project Scope Statement
Answer: C
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The WBS Dictionary is the companion document to the WBS. It includes all of the details that you know about each work package in the WBS, including estimates and billing information.
A new project manager is assigned to a project midway through the planning process. On discussing with the project team, the new project manager finds that the activities list and network diagram were developed directly from the scope statement. What should the project manager do?
A. Develop schedule
B. Create the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
C. Estimate activity resources
D. Sequence activities
Answer: B
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
The question states that the activities list and network diagram were created based on the scope statement. This implies that the Create WBS process was never done. Therefore, the new project manager should go back and create the WBS before proceeding with project planning. The WBS can be used to help ensure that all work on the project is done and no extra work is done.
Your sponsor has requested an update on the status of the project. He is concerned that project costs will be higher than planned. Which of the following can best be used to determine the true progress of a project?
A. Variance report
B. Performance Baselines along with Work Performance Information
C. Approved and rejected change requests
D. Discussion with the project team
Answer: B
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
Baselines and work performance information (% complete, etc.) can be used to compare actual performance against what was planned. Variance reports don’t necessarily reflect overall project progress. Variance analysis is a method for resolving the total variance in the context of scope, cost, and schedule. Change requests do not reflect the progression of a project. Discussion with the project team may not reflect the project’s overall progress.
__ __ is a method for resolving the total variance in the context of scope, cost, and schedule
Variance analysis is a method for resolving the total variance in the context of scope, cost, and schedule
__ __ do not reflect the progression of a project. Discussion with the project team may not reflect the project’s overall progress.
Change requests do not reflect the progression of a project. Discussion with the project team may not reflect the project’s overall progress.
Fred is the project manager for a bank creating a new investment product. As the requirement specifications are being written, a new federal rule requires more customer information when opening this investment. Fred proposes writing a change request for this since it will require significantly more work. April, the marketing representative, wants to change the customer information requirements specification because the scope statement has not been signed off yet. The development team has already started incorporating the changes into the technical specification. Who is correct?
A. Fred, because he is the project manager
B. Fred, because the new requirement is a law that must be followed
C. April, because the project charter has not been signed off on yet
D. April, because this should be covered in the planning meetings with the team
Answer: D
Process - Task 8 - Manage Scope
Because the scope statement has not been signed off, the general planning meetings are the right place to discuss this. C is not correct because we have the project charter signed off, but we know the technical requirements are not done. B is incorrect because even though the new rule is a law that must be followed, the project does not have a complete and approved scope statement.
