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MSK III & IV > Scoliosis > Flashcards

Scoliosis Flashcards

1
Q

3 dimensional deformity
1. frontal
2. transverse
3. sagittal

A

scoliosis

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2
Q

What plane do you see a Cobb angle >10

A

frontal plane

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3
Q

What plane do you see a trunk rotation >5

A

transverse plane

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4
Q

What plane do you see thoracic 30-35 or lumbar 50-60 angle

A

sagittal

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5
Q

Are all bony elements altered in scoliosis (Verteba. rib verticle angles, pedicles)

A

yes all elements are altered

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6
Q

due to bony abnormalities
-identified in utero
-often diagnosed in infant years
Failure of formation
Failure of segmentation

A

Congenital scoliosis

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7
Q

caused by disorders of the brain, spinal cord and muscular system
imbalance of trunk/spine muscles. poor muscle control, spacticity
thoracic and lumbar spine and pelvic obliquity
more severe and progressive, particularly in patients who are non-ambulatory
curves are usually not associated with pain

A

neuromuscular scoliosis

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8
Q

What are some additional associated diagnosis with neuromuscular scoliosis

A

cerebral palsy
spinal muscular atrophy
chiari malformation
SCI
connective tissue disorders
myopathic disorders

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9
Q

Diagnosed before age 10 and not due to congenial or neuromuscular etiologies

infantil scoliosis
juvenile scoliosis

A

Early onset scoliosis (idiopathic)

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10
Q

What does an xray assess with early onset scoliosis

A

assess the risk of progression
(cobb angle) (angle of trunk rotation) ( Rib vertebral angle)

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11
Q

Identified during pre/pubertal growth spurt age 10-18

A

adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

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12
Q

what is the most common type of scoliosis?

A

adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

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13
Q

true or false adolescent scoliosis is typically painfree but can be painful into adulthood

A

true

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14
Q

10-25 degree severity of cobb angle is classified as what?

A

mild

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15
Q

25-50 degree of severity of cobb angle is classified as what

A

moderate

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16
Q

> 50 degrees severity of cobb angle classified as what?

A

severe

17
Q

scoliosis is named by the direction of ____ and location of the curves ____

A

named by the direction of convexity of curve and the location of curves apex in the spine

18
Q

Right thoracic

A

right side convexity with an apex in the thoracic region of spine

19
Q

How is the cobb angle measures on an Xray

A

Draw lines parallel to upper border of the upper vertebral body and lower border of vertebral body
Draw perpendicular lines from each of these lines and the angle between them is the angle of curvature

20
Q

How is the angle of rotation measured?

A

graded 0-4 based on how far the pedicle is from midline

21
Q

what is the risser number?

A

radiological measurement based on ossification of iliac apophysis

22
Q

When is the patient at the greatest risk of curve progression

A

pubertal growth spurt

23
Q

the larger the cobb angle the ____ risk for curve progression

A

greater the risk

24
Q

Do adults with untreated AIS have an increased risk of mortality or impact to other systems?

A

no unless their curve is greater than 90 degrees

25
Q

is chronic back pain common in individuals with scoliosis?

A

yes
not related to size or location
usually does not interfere with ability to work

26
Q

What does a PT exam look like for a patient with scoliosis

A

Static posture
dynamic: forward bend test– thoracic curve
scoliometer- type of inclinometer that objectively measures angle of trunk rotation

27
Q

If >5 degrees asymmetry is noted with a scoliometer what should you do?

A

refer for imaging xray

28
Q

When is casting used?

A

early onset or congenital scoliosis
aim to slow or prevent progression

29
Q

When are braces used and why?

A

aimed to halt or minimize curve progression
more flexible curves
younger patients

30
Q

How long must a brace be worn daily?

A

18-23 hours a day until skeletally mature

31
Q

Can mobilization be utilized in a patient who has scoliosis

A

yes to increase flexibility mainly at the apex of the curve

32
Q

What does breathing work do for an individual with scoliosis

A

corrective breathing can increase rib mobility, increase strength of diaphragm and intercostals
increase cardiovascular endurance
increase vital capacity
increase breathing function

33
Q

Learn curve characteristics and how to achieve best possible 3D posture correction
improve mobility and postural stability
reduce pain
help avoid loss of correction after brace wear completed

A

goal of schroth therapy

MSK III & IV (10 decks)

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