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grade 10 science > Scinence Physics > Flashcards

Scinence Physics Flashcards

1
Q

What is a medium?

A

Any physical substance through which energy can be transferred.

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2
Q

What is radiation?

A

A method of energy transfer that does not require a medium. The energy travels at the speed of light.

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3
Q

What is an electromagnetic wave?

A

A wave that has both electric and magnetic parts(WHAT REALLY??????). Does not require a medium and travels at the speed of light.

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4
Q

What is visible light?

A

Electromagnetic waves that the human eye can detect.
The light you see. It’s used to see. yeah…

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5
Q

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

The classification of electromagnetic waves by energy.

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6
Q

What is the visible spectrum?

A

The continuous sequence of colours that make up the white light.

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6
Q

What is amplitude?

A

maximum displacement or distance moved by a point on a vibrating body or wave measured from its equilibrium position.

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7
Q

What is wavelength?

A

The distance between 1 Crest to the other.

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8
Q

What is frequency?

A

Number of waves per second.

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9
Q

What is Crest?

A

Top of the wave. The highest point.

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10
Q

What is a trough?

A

The bottom of the wave. The lowest point.

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11
Q

What is the speed of light?

A

3x10^8 or 300,000,000

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12
Q

How do different forms of light differ from each other?

A

Their wavelength.

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13
Q

What are radio waves?

A

Long and weakest of waves. It’s used for radio communication.

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14
Q

What are infrared rays?

A

Electromagnetic wave that is invisible and 2nd weakest light. It is used to detect heat.

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14
Q

What is ultraviolet light?

A

Is invisible, but sometimes glows. Strong. It creates sunburns and kills bacteria.

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15
Q

What are gamma rays?

A

The most strong and short wavelength. It can be used for radiation therapy. It can also create really strong radiation. Prolonged exposure can cause cancer.

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15
Q

What are microwaves?

A

Second to radio waves in weakness of signal strength. It’s used to do microwaves I guess.

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15
Q

What is X-rays?

A

Medical imageing. Very strong and short wavelengths. It’s used for X-rays.

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16
Q

How does wavelength link to energy?

A

Shorter the wavelength, higher frequency, higher energy.
Lower wavelength, lower frequency, lower energy.

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17
Q

What is white light? How does it form?

A

Whitley is the result of combination of photons of all the colours of the visible spectrum. If you direct white light through a prism, the white light will separate into its continuing colours.

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18
Q

What is the colour black?

A

It is the absence of photons in the visible spectrum.

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19
Q

What is natural light?

A

Light that comes from any source that is not created by humans.

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20
Q

What is artificial light?

A

Light that comes from any source that is created by humans.

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21
Q

What is incandescent light?

A

incandescent light is light that is produced by an object that is very high temperature.
Because incandescent and light uses so much heat, it is very inefficient.

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22
Q

What is fluorescent light?

A

This is light emitted by some substances when they’re exposed to electromagnetic radiation. Electrons collides with a gas such as mercury vapor, inside the tube, causing the release of ultraviolet light.

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23
Q

What is phophorecence?

A

It is the ability to store the energy from a light source and then admit it slowly over a long amount of time. An example is the glow in the dark toys.

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24
Q

What is chemiluminescence?

A

It is the light production from a chemical reaction without a rise in temperature. It is called cold light. An example is a glow stick.

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25
Q

What is bioluminescence?

A

The ability of a plant or animal to produce light is called bioluminescence.Uses include camouflage, mimicry, attracting mates, distraction, warning, communication, illumination.

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26
Q

What is Triboluminescence?

A

Is the light produced from friction. Latest made through the breaking of chemical bonds when a material is pulled apart, ripped, scratched, crushed or crumbled. For example, crystals such as quartz can be made to glow simply by crushing them or rubbing them together.

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27
Q

What is light emitted diodes (LED’s)?

A

LED’s produce light from a movement of electrons in a piece of solid material, specifically a semi conductor. Semiconductors consists of two components, 1 positive and 1 negative. When they come into contact, they produce light.

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28
Q

Electric discharge.

A

The process of producing light by passing an electric current through a gas.

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29
Q

What is laser light?

A

Laser light.Has a very special property.This is that it radiates the same energy level. This produces a very pure light. Laser light is also very intense. This is because the electromagnetic waves travel in exactly the same direction and the waves are exactly in unison. Scientists use the laser to measure distance.

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30
Q

What are light rays?

A

A line on a diagram representing the direction in path that light is traveling.

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31
Q

What is geometric optics?

A

The use of light rays to determine how light behaves when it strikes objects.

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32
Q

What is indecent light?

A

Light emitted from a source that strikes an object.

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33
Q

What is opaque?

A

When a material does not transmit any innocent light, all innocent light is either absorbed or reflected. Objects behind the material cannot be seen at all.

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33
Q

What is translucent?

A

When a material transmits some indecent light but absorbs or reflects the rest, objects are not clearly seen through the material.

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34
Q

What is transparent?

A

When a material transmit all or almost all indecent light objects can be clearly seen through the material.

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35
Q

What is a mirror?

A

Any polished surface reflecting an image.

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36
Q

What is an image?

A

reproduction of an object through the use of light.

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37
Q

What is a reflection?

A

The bouncing back of light from a surface.

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38
Q

What is plane?

A

Flat.

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39
Q

What is Incident Ray?

A

The incoming rays that strike a surface.

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40
Q

What is reflected Ray?

A

A ray that bounces off a reflective surface.

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41
Q

What is normal?

A

The perpendicular line to a mirror surface.

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42
Q

What is perpendicular?

A

At a right angle.

43
Q

What is angle of incidence?

A

The angle between the incident ray and the normal.

44
Q

What is angle of reflection?

A

The angle between the reflected ray and the normal.

44
Q

What is regular slash specular reflection?

A

Reflection of light off a surface.

45
Q

What is diffuse reflection?

A

Reflection of light, often irregular or dull surface.

46
Q

What is a virtual image?

A

Image you can see because light is shining on it.

47
Q

Real image.

A

An image that can be seen on a screen

48
Q

What is the lateral inversion?

A

The orientation of image on a plane mirror and that is backwards and inverted.

49
Q

What is a concave mirror?

A

A mirror shaped like a part of the surface of a sphere. Also known as the converging mirror. These are called converging mirrors because light rays bounce off the reflective surface an meet/converge at a focal point in front of the mirror. It curves inwards.

50
Q

What is a convex mirror?

A

A mirror is shaped like the inside of a sphere. Also know as the diverging mirror. These are called diverging mirrors because light rays bounce off the reflecting surface and spread out/diverge. Focal point is behind the mirror. It curves outwards.

51
Q

Draw and lable a diagram to show the two laws of reflection

A

know it…

52
Q

What are the two laws of reflection?

A

The first law of reflection is the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
The second is the incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal all lie on the same plane.

53
Q

What does salt stand for?

A

Size of image.
Attitude of image.
Location of image.
Type of image.

53
Q

Size of image.(Plane mirror)

A

Same

54
Q

Attitude of image.(Plane mirror)

A

Upright

55
Q

Location of image.

A

Behind

56
Q

Type of image.(Plane mirror)

A

Virtual

57
Q

Know how to draw an image in a plane mirror.

A

yeah know it that’s what I thought

58
Q

What is the centre of curvature?

A
59
Q

What is the principle axis?

A
60
Q

What is the vertex?

A
61
Q

What is the focus?

A
62
Q

What is the salt for Concave mirrors?

A

S: Varies
A: Inverted
L: Varies
T: Real

63
Q

What is the salt for Convex mirrors?

A

S: Larger
A: Inverted
L: Varies
T: Real

63
Q

List some applications of convex mirrors.

A

Car mirrors. Security Mirror. Hallways. Parking alleys.

64
Q

List some applications of concave mirrors.

A

Car headlights. Telescope. Flashlights. Microscope. Satellite. Dentist.

65
Q

What are the 3 rules in a convex mirror?

A

A ray parallel to the principal axis is reflected as tho it has come through the focus.
A ray aimed at the centre of curvature is reflected back upon itself.
Array aimed at the focus is reflected parallel to the principal axis.

65
Q

If the speed of light changes, what happens to the ray of incidents?

A

It bends. This bending of light is called refraction.

66
Q

What happens when light enters a new medium?

A

It changes speed. This depends on its density.

66
Q

What are the 4 rules in a concave mirror?

A

A light ray parallel to the principal axis is reflected through the focus. This is how the focus is defined.
A light ray through the centre of curvature is reflected back onto itself.
Through F will reflect parallel to the principal axis. This is the opposite of one.
At the vertex will follow the laws of reflection. Angle of incidence equals angle of reflection.

67
Q

What is refraction?

A

The bending or change in direction of light when it travels from one medium to another.

68
Q

What is the angle of refraction?

A

The angle between the refracted ray and the normal.

69
Q

What happens when light enters a medium that is more optically dense?

A

The light will slow and as a result will bend towards the normal.

70
Q

When light enters a medium that is less optically dense what happens?

A

The light will speed up and as a result will bend away from the normal.

71
Q

What happens when the angle is 0 or along the normal? (Refraction)

A

The light won’t bend but the speed will still change.

72
Q

What is index of refraction?

A

The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a medium.

73
Q

What is the formula for index of refraction?

A

N=C/V

74
Q

What is N is the formula?

A

Index of refraction.

75
Q

Know the index of refraction and stuff

A

yeah

76
Q

What is critical angle?

A

The angle of incidence that results in the angle of reflection at 90°.

77
Q

What is total internal reflection?

A

The situation when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle.

78
Q

What is fiber optics?

A

It is a technology that uses light to transmit information along a glass cable. The light must not escape as it travels along the cable. To achieve this, the cable must have a small critical angle so that the light entering will have an angle of incidence greater than the critical angle.

79
Q

What is apparent depth?

A

The depth that an object appears to be at due to the refraction of light in a transparent medium.

80
Q

What is a Mirage?

A

A mirage is a naturally-occurring optical phenomenon in which light rays bend via refraction to produce a displaced image of distant objects or the sky.

81
Q

What is partial reflection and refraction?

A

When light travels from one medium to another, some of the light is reflected in some refracted. This is called partial reflection refraction.

82
Q

Why does diamond sparkle?

A

It is because of internal reflection. Delight gets trapped inside the diamond. This causes the sparkle effect.

83
Q

List three ways that total internal reflection is used.

A

Diamond Sparkle.
Periscopes.
Telescopes.
Endoscopes.
Binoculars.

84
Q

What is a converging lens?

A

A lens that is thickest in the middle and that causes incident. Parallel lines converge through a single point after refraction.
A converging lens brings parallel light rays together to a focus after the principle focus of a converging lense is on the opposite side of the lens as the incident ray.

85
Q

What is a diverging lens?

A

A lens that is thinest in the middle an that causes instant parallel lines to spread apart after refraction. A converging lens brings parallel light rays together through a focus after refracting.
A diverging lens spreads parallel light rays apart after refraction so that it looks as if they have come from a virtual focus.

86
Q

What is an optical centre?

A

Point at the exact centre of a lens.

87
Q

What is a principle focus?

A

The point of the principle axis of a lens where light parallel to the principal axis converges after refraction.

88
Q

What is the principle axis?

A

The line through the optical centre that is perpendicular to the central dashed line of the lens.

89
Q

What is the salt of a concave lens?

A

S: Smaller
A: Upright
L: Varies
T: Virtual

89
Q

What is the salt of a convex lens?

A

S: Varies
A: Varies
L: Varies
T: Both

90
Q

What are the 3 rules in a concave lens?

A

A ray parallel to the principal axis is refracted as if it had come through the principle
Array that appears to pass through the secondary principle focus is refracted parallel to the principal axis.
Array through the optical centre, continue straight through on its path.

91
Q

Camera. pls explan

A

Take slight from a large distant object to form smaller real images on either film on a traditional camera or the sensor in a digital camera. It uses a convex lens.

91
Q

What are some lens applications?

A

Camera.
Movie projector.
Magnifying glass.
Compound microscope.
Refracting telescope.
Eyeglasses.

92
Q

Movie projector. pls explan

A

A movie projector produces a large inverted real image. It uses a convex lens.

93
Q

Magnifying glass. pls explan

A

A magnifying glass produces a larger upright virtual image on the same side of the lens as the object. It uses convex lenses.

94
Q

Compound microscope. pls explan

A

A compound microscope purchases 2 images.You see only the larger virtual image. He uses 2 convex lenses.

95
Q

What is the Iris?

A

The iris is the coloured part of the eye. It makes your eye colours an opens and closes.

95
Q

Refracting telescope. pls explan

A

A refracting telescope produces 2 images. You only see the larger virtual image. It uses 2 lenses. They are convex.

96
Q

What is the pupil?

A

Central hole. Regulates the light intake. It shrinks an opens to intake light.

96
Q

What is the cornea?

A

The cornea is the transparent bulge on top of the pupil.

97
Q

What is the lens?

A

Transparent and flexible. It concentrates the light into your filament.(noit the right work i think but I jut wana get over with this pls have meacy)

98
Q

What is the retina?

A

The retina is the light sensitive cell. It has the sense of sight and intakes the image to the brain.

99
Q

What is the optical nerve?

A

The optical nerve is a large nerve which goes to the brain. It carries all the sensory information to the brain.

100
Q

What is Hyperopia?

A

It is commonly known as farsighted. It is the inability of the eye to focus on light from near objects. A converging lens will help this. All lens shape is modified from the basic converging lens shape and is called the positive meniscus.

101
Q

What is Myopia?

A

It is commonly known as nearsighted. It is the inability of the eye to focus light from distant objects. A diverging lens will help this. Actual lens shape is modified from the basic diverging lens shape and is called a negative meniscus.

102
Q

What is Presbyopia?

A

It is a form of far sightedness caused by a loss of accommodation as a person ages.

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