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Grade 10 Science > Science Chemistry > Flashcards

Science Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a physical property?

A

A description of a substance that dose not involved forming a new substance.

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2
Q

What is a chemical property?

A

A description of what a substance does as it changes into one or more new substances.

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3
Q

Give me some examples of physical properties.

A

For example, colour, texture, density, smells, soluability, taste, melting point, an physical state.

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4
Q

Give me some examples of chemical properties.

A

For example, the reaction of an acid with a base flammability bleachability corrosion.

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5
Q

What is a physical change? example?

A

These are processes that combine substances into mixtures, separate measures, and does not change the object or properties of the substance.

In other words, the change does not alter the particles.

Mix sand and water, chopped potatoes, break a coffee mug, evaporate salt water to make pure salt and pure water, freeze water.

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6
Q

What is a chemical change? example?

A

These are processes that change pure substances into other pier substances. This is a key criterion. A substance that was not present in the sample before the process started must be present at the end of the process. The particles of the substance are themselves changed.

Cooking food, digesting food, burning anything, and exploding anything.

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7
Q

What is evidence of a chemical change?

A

A Large amount of heat or light are released or absorbed. Hot or cold or bright or dark.
A permanent colour change occurs, not blending.
A new oder is produced.
A gas is created. bubbles or fizzing.
Solid participant is made. This is when solutions are mixed.
The process is difficult to reverse.

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8
Q

How do we know a chemical change is a chemical change and not a physical change?

A

No new substances were created.

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9
Q

What does the acronym WHMIS stand for?

A

Workplace hazardous material information system.

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10
Q

For this section go to…

A

https://gotestprep.com/whmis-symbols-new/

Its in the review

I can’t add pictures

It’s all multiple-choice

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11
Q

What three groups is the periodic table split into?

A

The periodic is arranged into three groups of elements: metals, metalloids and nonmetals.

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12
Q

What is an element?

A

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

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13
Q

What is a period?

A

A row of elements in the periodic table. Horizontal

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14
Q

How many periods are there in the periodic table?

A

7

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15
Q

What is a group?

A

A column of elements in the periodic table with similar properties. Vertical.

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16
Q

How many groups are there in the periodic table?

A

18

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17
Q

What are alkali metals?

A

The element in the first column of the periodic table, except for hydrogen.
Elements in the group.
Has only one valence electron.
Forms ions by taking the one valence electron has.
Soft, low density, low melting point, and are metal
It’s the most reactive metal. They all react vigorously with water to form hydrogen gas.
Never found in pure form, in nature, it always exists in compounds.
Atomic size increases as you go down the group as one orbit is being added each time.
Reactivity increases as you go down the group. So potassium is more reactive than sodium, which is more reactive than lithium.

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18
Q

What are alkaline earth metals?

A

The elements in the second column of the periodic table.
Elements in the group.
Has 2 valence electrons.
Forms ions by losing these two valence electrons.
They are very reactive, but less reactive than alkali metals.
Harder than alkali metals. They have higher melting points.
Atomic size and reactivity increase as you go down the group.
Uses. For example calcium is used to make an strengthen bones.

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19
Q

What are halogens?

A

The elements in the 17th column of the periodic table.
Elements in the group.
Has seven electrons in their valence shell.
Most reactive nonmetal.
Never found free in nature.
React with alkali metals to form salts.
Atomic size increases as you go down the group.
All are diatomic molecular elements.
Used that as a disinfectant to strengthen teeth.

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20
Q

What are noble gases?

A

The elements in the 18th column of the periodic table.
Elements in the group.
Most inert or stable elements meaning that they are unreactive. Very rarely react with other elements or compounds and do so under special conditions or in a laboratory.
Have a full valence shell, so that is why they are unreactive. Helium has two valence electrons and the other have 8 each.
Atomic size increases as you go down the group.
In various types of lightning neon lights.
Poor conductors of electricity and heat are placed between 2 windows panels to keep buildings warm.
Found uncombined or free in nature.

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21
Q

What subatomic particles are Atoms made of?

A

Protons. Positively charged
Neutrons. No charge.
Electrons. Negatively charged.

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22
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

It is the number of protons(Positive.) in the nucleus. For example, because carbon contains 6 protons in its nucleus, it’s a topic number is 6.

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23
Q

What is the Bohr-Rutherford diagram?

A

A model representing the arrangement of electrons in orbit around the nucleus of an atom.

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24
Q

How many electrons can occupy the first ring?

A

2

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25
Q

How many electrons can occupy the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc.

A

8

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26
Q

What happens to the amount of orbits as you go down periods?

A

As you go down periods, the amount of orbits around the nucleus corresponds to the number of the period.

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27
Q

What is the dream of all atoms?

A

To have a full valence shell.

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28
Q

Why are atoms electrically neutral?

A

All items have same amount of protons and electrons which are opposites.

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29
Q

How do atoms get a full outer shell? 3 things

A

Losing electrons, sharing electrons, and gaining electrons. This could make them not neutral.

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30
Q

Bohr Rutherford Diagram.

A

yes learn now it is very important

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31
Q

Bohr Rutherford diagram but ion moment?

A

Yes dat too

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32
Q

What is a metal ion called? What is its charge?

A

A metal ion is called a cation. And is positively charged.

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33
Q

What is a non-metal ion called? What is its charge?

A

A non-metal is called and an anion. It is negatively charged.

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34
Q

What is found in the nucleus of an atom?

A

You can find protons which are positively charged an neutrons which have no charge.

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35
Q

What is found outside of the nucleus?

A

Orbits depending on how many electrons there are, also electrons are on the orbits.

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36
Q

What is the mass of protons, neutrons and electrons?

A

Protons have a relative mass of 1 unit.
Neutrons have a relative mass of 1 unit.
Electrons have a relative mass of almost 0.

37
Q

Why are alkali metals so reactive?

A

All atoms aimed to have a full valence shell. Alkali metals have one electron in their valence shell, so it is easy to lose that one electron to get a full lower orbit of electrons.

38
Q

As you go down periods on the periodic table, why do the elements get more reactive?

A

As you go down the group, the items get bigger in size because one orbis being added each row, making the valence electron further away from the nucleus so it becomes easier to lose the electron giving off increasingly more energy.

39
Q

Why are alkaline earth metals reactive but less reactive than alkali metals?

A

They need to lose 2 valence electrons to become ionized. This requires more energy.

40
Q

Why is group 17 one of the most reactive groups of elements on the periodic table?

A

All items aimed to have a full shell. Halogens have 7 electrons in their valence shell, so it is not easy to lose all 7. Instead, it is easier to gain 1 electron to get a full shell. Because halogens have to gain one, they are very reactive.

41
Q

Why are the noble gases almost unreactive?

A

All atoms aimed to have a full valence shell. Noble gases all have a full valence shell. This makes atoms very stable. They do not gain or lose electrons, therefore they are very unreactive or stable.

42
Q

Revision of drawing board. Rutherford diagrams.

A

its in ur notes I think

43
Q

How do we find the atomic number of an atom?

A

Number of protons equals atomic number.

44
Q

How do you calculate the number of neutrons?

A

Mass number – atomic number
round

45
Q

How do we know the number of electrons?

A

If there is no charge in an atom, the amount of electrons is the same as the amount of protons.

46
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

There are the electrons that are found on the outer most shell.

47
Q

What is the similarity between group number and valence electron?

A

They are the same.
For example in Group One, all of the valence electrons are one.
Groups that are above 10 like 13, use only a single number
Keep in mind that Group 18 is full

48
Q

How do metals become ions?

A

They give their valence electrons to a nonmetal.

49
Q

How do nonmetals become ions?

A

They receive electrons from metals.

50
Q

What two types of elements do you need to have an ionic compound? (usually)

A

A metal and a nonmetal. or a polyatomic ion too

51
Q

When an ionic compound forms, what happens to its chemical name?

A

They combine. First comes metal, then followed by a nonmetal. For the non-metal, you change the ending to IDE.
For example, aluminum oxide.
Do NOT capitalize!
Do exercises for these

52
Q

What happens to the chemical formula when an ionic compound forms?

A

They combine. Metal first. Nonmetal next.
For example, NaCl, or MgCl2(This would be subscript)
Do exercises for these

53
Q

When an ionic compound forms. What is the attraction called?

A

Ionic bond.

54
Q

What is the molecular compound? Give some examples.

A

The majority of all known compounds are molecular compounds. It is joined by two or more nonmetals. A molecular compound is when there is a sharing of electrons. It’s a covalent bond. The atoms used the same electrons. Some examples of molecular compounds are sugar, water, aspirin, and many more. They create a neutral charge.

55
Q

Which bond is stronger? Covalent or ionic?

A

Ionic.

56
Q

How do we name molecular compounds?

A

Prefixes indicate how many atoms of each element are present. If there is one atom in the first element, the prefix mono is admitted. The name of the last element ends in ide.

57
Q

Writing molecular compounds.

A

Atomic symbol. Atomic name. DO EXERCISES UNTIL YOU KNOW IT ALLLLLLL

58
Q

Ionic name thing is on page

A

198

59
Q

What are chemical reactions?

A

A process in which substances interact causing the formation of a new substance with new properties.

60
Q

What is a word equation?

A

A way of describing a chemical reaction using the name of the reactants and products.

61
Q

What are reactants?

A

A chemical (present at the start of a chemical reaction) that is used up during the reaction.

62
Q

What is a product?

A

A chemical that is produced during a chemical reaction.

63
Q

What is the state symbol?

A

A symbol indicating the physical state of the chemical at room temperature.
Solid. (s)
Liquid. (l)
Gas. (g)
Aqueous. (aq)

64
Q

What is the chemical equation?

A

A way of describing a chemical reaction using the chemical formulas of the reactants and products.

65
Q

What is an example of a chemical reaction?

A

Fire burns, grass grows, joggers run, milk sours, autumn leaves change colour and marshmallows toast to a golden brown.

66
Q

look at the Science Unit test GOOGLE DOCS review for the word and chemical equations.

A

Did you look?

67
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

The statement that in any given chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products.

68
Q

What happens to the reactants in a chemical reaction?

A

They don’t disappear but exchange into a different substance.

69
Q

What is a balanced equation?

A

A skeleton equation that adds coefficients to apply the law of conservation of mass. The coefficients make equal amounts of elements on each side. Like a recipe?

70
Q

How do you balance a skeletal equation?

A

It’s trial and error. Make sure that you have the right elements. With polyatomic ions, you should separate them. Make a list of elements. And look at the review since I has sum quality pictures an examples that took me hours.

71
Q

What is a synthesis reaction?

A

A reaction in which two reactants combine to make a larger and more complex product.
Example is on the review

72
Q

What is a decomposition reaction?

A

A reaction in which a larger or more complex molecule breaks down to form two or more simpler products.
Example is on the review

73
Q

What is a single displacement reaction?

A

A reaction in which an element displaces another element in a compound, producing a new compound and a new element.
Example is on the review

74
Q

What is a double displacement reaction?

A

A reaction that occurs when elements in different compounds displace each other or exchange places producing 2 new compounds.
Example is on the review

75
Q

What is a combustion reaction?

A

The rapid reaction of a substance with oxygen to produce oxides and energy, burning

76
Q

What is incomplete combustion?

A

A combustion reaction of hydrocarbons may produce carbon monoxide, carbon, carbon dioxide, soot, water, and energy. It occurs when the oxygen supplies are limited.

76
Q

What is complete combustion?

A

The combustion reaction of hydrocarbons uses all the valuable fuel an produces only carbon dioxide, water and energy. This occurs when the supply of oxygen is plentiful.

77
Q

What is the main difference between incomplete combustion and complete combustion?

A

Incomplete combustion makes carbon monoxide. Complete combustion doesn’t.

78
Q

Why is carbon monoxide bad?

A

It can kill people. It’s like senseless and stuff. It’s poisonous.

79
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

H C|They power cars and busses warm homes and stuff

80
Q

What is an acid?

A

Aqueous solution that conducts electricity, taste sour, turns blue, litmus red, and neutralizes bases.

81
Q

What are bases?

A

An aqueous solution that conducts electricity and turns red litmus blue. It neutralizes acids.

82
Q

What is an acid-base indicator?

A

A substance that changes colour depending on whether it is in an acid or a base

83
Q

What are some properties of bases?

A

Bases are proton acceptors.
Bases have a pH greater than 7.
Bases taste bitter.
Bases turn red, litmus blue.
Solutions of basis feel slippery.
Bases neutralize acids.
(element)OH is base and is at the back

84
Q

What are some properties of acids?

A

Acids are proton donors.
Acids have a pH level lower than 7.
Acids taste sour.
Acids turn blue, litmus red.
Acids react with active metals producing H2.
H(element) is acid and in the front

85
Q

What is pH?

A

A measure of how acidic or basic the solution is.

86
Q

What is a pH scale?

A

A numerical scale ranging from zero to 14 that is used to compare the city of solutions.

87
Q

What is neutral?

A

Neither acidic or basic with a pH of seven.

88
Q

What is a neutralization reaction?

A

A chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form an ionic compound(a salt) and water. The resulting pH is closer to 7.

Grade 10 Science (3 decks)

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