Scientists

Question 1

Mike Brown and Joe Goldstein

Answer 1

• Worked out structure of LDL receptor and studied familial hypercholesterolemia. Won Nobel prize for this

Question 2

Barbara Pearse

Answer 2

• Discovered that the coat on coated vesicles in composed of clathrin. Clathrin consists of 3 copies of each of 2 proteins, arranged in a triskelion. Triskelions makeup the cages of clathrin-coated vesicles.

Question 3

George Palade

Answer 3

-Worked out the secretory pathway using pancreatic acinar cells. For this he received the Nobel Prize.

Question 4

Tim Mitchison and Mark Kirschner

Answer 4

• Were instrumental in discovering dynamic instability, the way in which microtubules grow and depolymerize
• Also showed that xenopus extract mitotic cytosol induced the 5x turnover rate of the microtubule GTP cap (catastrophe) as occurs in interphase cytosol

Question 5

Linda Buck

Answer 5

• Was the first to discover olfactory receptors, 1000s of G protein coupled receptors expressed in the nose olfactory bulb that detects different odors

Question 6

Steve Hedrick

Answer 6

• First, along with Mark Davis, to clone the T cell receptor subunits.

Question 7

Mike Bishop and Harold Varmus

Answer 7

• Were the first to show that a viral oncogene, v-src, was really a normal cellular gene (c-src), that had been hijacked onto a virus and turned into an oncogene. (Additional mutations in the protein sequence were necessary to turn c-src into an oncogene). Received the Nobel prize for this.

Question 8

Susumu Tonegawa

Answer 8

• Discovered that antibody diversity stems in large part from combinatorial rearrangement of the Variable regions of the heavy chain gene of immunoglobulins. Received the Nobel Prize for this discovery.

Question 9

Brian Druker

Answer 9

• Developed Gleevec, the first treatment to block a cancer-causing kinase and kill cancer cells in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). His type of treatment is referred to as a “magic bullet”.

Question 10

Liz Blackburn and Carol Grieder

Answer 10

• Won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Medicine for elucidating the structure and function of telomere sequences and discovering the enzyme that copies them, telomerase.

Question 11

Zhongshen You

Answer 11

• Showed that the kinase ATR monitors DNA replication forks and sends a signal that blocks activation of the mitotic kinase (CDK1/cylcin) until all DNA replication is complete

Question 12

Lisa Stowers

Answer 12

• Worked out how mice detect kairomones from rat, cat and snake, and discovered that the kairomones are proteins of the Mup family