Scientific Thinking

Question 1

What is unicellular organisms?

Answer 1

Individual made of one cell

Question 2

What is multicellular organisms?

Answer 2

multicellular, normally large, some micro

Question 3

How would you describe metabolism? (3 points)

Answer 3

• A set of chemical reactions to release energy from food
• Create (anabolism) or breakdown
• Energies transformed from one form into another (starch in sugar and sugar in carbon dioxide)

Question 4

What “anabolism” stands for?

Answer 4

Anabolism is the process by which the body utilizes the energy released by catabolism to synthesize complex molecules. Breaks down molecules or atomes

Question 5

What is the role of homeostasis?

Answer 5

• Keeping the internal environment (homeostasis) of the cell or organism within the ranges required for life
• Staple internal conditions pH, temperature, water balance, etc
• Our bodies with sweating

Question 6

What happens to the cells when the body grows?

Answer 6

Number of cells increases

Question 7

What is mitosis?

Answer 7

The cell reproduction by the cell division

Question 8

What is morphogenesis?

Answer 8

Helps the organism to develop its shape.

Morphogenesis to form adult body

Question 9

What are the different theories of Evolution?

Answer 9

• Population of organisms change
• Explains how many different kinds of organisms came into existence
• Explains how modern organisms are related to past organisms
• Natural selection is driving force in evolution
• Survival of the fittest = natural selection
• Organisms that have favorable traits better able successfully reproduce than organisms that lack these traits
• Survival of organisms with favorable traits cause a gradual change in populations over many generations
• Darwinismo
• All species come from same cells

Question 10

What are the main differences between DNA and RNA?

Answer 10

• DNA 2 strands vs 1 strand
• Sugar (deoxyribose) for DNA vs Ribose for RNA
• ATCG for DNA vs AUCG for RND

Question 11

What does A, T, C, G and U stands for in RNA/DNA?

Answer 11

A= ademine
T= thymine
C= cytosine
G= Guanine
U= Uracil

Question 12

What is an atomic mass?

Answer 12

The proton + neutron together because electron does not weight much.

Question 13

What is an isotope?

Answer 13

Same atomic number, but different atomic mass.
Same element and same atomic number
Difference mass and different number of neutrons

Question 14

How does electron shell works?

Answer 14

It’s the orbit where the electrons are around the nucleus.

Inner layer contains only 2 electron, 2nd 8 electrons and 3rd 18 electrons.

Question 15

Give me the different information on Hydrogen

Answer 15

Atomic number = 1
1 proton
1 electron
1 shell

Question 16

Give the different informations on Carbon

Answer 16

Atomic number = 6
6 protons and electrons
4 electrons in last shell

Question 17

What does compound stands for?

Answer 17

A group of identical molecules

Question 18

How does molecules stick together?

Answer 18

By the bonds

Question 19

What are the different types of experimental studies?

Answer 19

• Blind experimental design
• Double-blind experimental
• Randomized experimental design

Question 20

In science, how theories are formed?

Answer 20

In science the theories are repeatedly tested and supported by a large body of evidence. It is broader in scope.

Question 21

What are the 2 different theories in biology?

Answer 21

• Cell theory: “All organisms are composed of cells and all cells come from preexisting cells.”
• Theory of evolution: “Species change over time and are all related to each other through common ancestry. “

Question 22

When do hypothesis becomes theory?

Answer 22

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for phenomenon. It is a good lead to testable predictions.
Theories are exceptionally well supported hypotheses. It is repeatedly tested and unlikely to be altered by new evidences.

Question 23

What are the four elements common in most experiments?

Answer 23

1. Treatment
2. Experimental group
3. Control group
4. Variables

Question 24

What is the difference between experimental and control group?

Answer 24

The experimental group is the group we give the treatment to whereas the control group has no treatment given.

Question 25

What is the difference between independent and dependent variables?

Answer 25

The independent variable is measurable and the values can change. The dependent variable is not controlled and is simply for observation.

Question 26

What are the different experimental designs and which ones are the most used?

Answer 26

• Open-label
• Blind
• Double blind
• Randomized
  Double-blind and randomized are the most used.

Question 27

What is replications and what is its role?

Answer 27

Replication is the process of repeating a study. It increases the confidence in results and helps isolate variables responsible for outcomes of experiments.

Question 28

What are the dangers to obscur the truth in science?

Answer 28

Pseudoscience when the claims sound scientific supported, but it’s not and anecdotal observation that is based on few observations and relate 2 things together when there is not. Often supertition.

Question 29

How can we make sure that the experimental articles are reliable?

Answer 29

It is a peer-reviewed journal and a double-blind clinical study with more than 100 participants.

Question 30

What is p-value?

Answer 30

It is the probability that hypothesis is true and is the difference between different datas. A low p-value will mean that the difference is less likely due to random chances.