Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment

Question 1

What is Epistemology?

Answer 1

How we learn through using our own senses and ability to reason- which is helped by education

Question 2

What is the tabula rosa?

Answer 2

The blank slate that your mind is when your born

Question 3

Locke?

Answer 3

He believed everyone had the right to keep their natural rights: life liberty and property

Question 4

Boyle?

Answer 4

First to define an element

Question 5

Laissez- faire?

Answer 5

States the government should stay out of business. Said by Smith

Question 6

State of nature?

Answer 6

Man before government

Question 7

Hooke?

Answer 7

Studied plant cells under microscopes

Question 8

Voltaire?

Answer 8

“Superstar” of the enlightenment philosophes; fought superstition and ignorance; spoke out against injustice and religious intolerance

Question 9

Adam Smith’s book?

Answer 9

The Wealth of Nations- written on economics

Question 10

Baron de Montesquieu?

Answer 10

In the Spirit of the Laws, he created the 3 branches of government and checks and balances for eachother

Question 11

Heliocentric?

Answer 11

Theory that the sun is the center of the universe

Question 12

Geocentric?

Answer 12

Theory that the earth is the center of the universe

Question 13

Antony van Leeuwenhoek?

Answer 13

Father of Microbiology

Question 14

Francis Bacon?

Answer 14

Developed the scientific method

Question 15

Authorities?

Answer 15

The church, bible and Ancient Greek thinkers like Aristotle

Question 16

Frederick the Great?

Answer 16

Initiated some reform like elementary education and abolished torture

Question 17

Tycho Brahe?

Answer 17

Disproved Aristotle by observing new stars appearing and moving

Question 18

Rousseau?

Answer 18

In his Social Contract, he wrote man is born free and everywhere he is in chains

Question 19

Vesalius?

Answer 19

Pioneered work in anatomy

Question 20

Denis Diderot?

Answer 20

Edited the Encyclopedia

Question 21

Enlightened despots?

Answer 21

Enlightened rulers who wanted some reform

Question 22

Gottfried Von Leibniz?

Answer 22

Developed calculus at the same time as Newton

Question 23

Thomas Paine?

Answer 23

Wrote Common Sense, where he argued for American independence

Question 24

Joseph ll of Austria?

Answer 24

Most enlightened of all rulers. Most of his reforms were revoked after his death

Question 25

Sir Isaac Newton?

Answer 25

Developed the theory of gravity

Question 26

Social contract?

Answer 26

The agreement between the people and the government

Question 27

Mary Wollstonecraft?

Answer 27

One of the first feminists, wrote the Vindication of the Rights of women

Question 28

Hobbes?

Answer 28

Created the idea of a Leviathon, who was the ruler of the people- they gave up all rights to him

Question 29

Descartes?

Answer 29

Wrote the Discourse on Method in 1637

Question 30

Lavoisier?

Answer 30

Chemist who discovered the role of oxygen in combustion

Question 31

Galileo Galilei?

Answer 31

Wrote the Starry Messenger, confirming the heliocentric theory

Question 32

Catherine the Great?

Answer 32

Russian monarch who attempted reform until rebellion and opposition from nobles put an end to it

Question 33

Ptolemy?

Answer 33

The author of the geocentric theory

Question 34

Copernicus?

Answer 34

Developed the heliocentric theory

Question 35

Beccaria?

Answer 35

Advocated an end to torture and capital punishment

Question 36

Deism?

Answer 36

Scientific religion- God created the world and natural laws to run it

Question 37

Kepler?

Answer 37

Worked out a formula for the elliptical orbit of the planets

Question 38

Hume?

Answer 38

Atheist who wrote On Miracles where he argued miracles were impossible