Quiz - Scientific Revolution

Question 1

Truths?

Answer 1

The Church and Bible (never question the truths!!)

Question 2

Aristotle?

Answer 2

logic through observation

Question 3

Ptolemy?

Answer 3

Earth is the center of the universe

Question 4

Nature : the physical world & society is an __________ , _________ organism

Answer 4

unchanging, living

Question 5

Why did the view of the world, where everything had a place in the universe that God made you to be, change in 1500?

Answer 5

1. The Printing Press
   - took power out of Church’s hands
2. Exploration
3. Renaissance (Humanism & Education)
4. Reformation (people questioned RCC)
5. Contact with the Muslims (Learned navigational technology, Arabic #s, shape of the earth)
6. Rise of Kings & Nation States (money is power)
7. Social Turmoil due to Black Plague

Question 6

authorities (the church, bible, and Ancient Greek thinkers) viewed the medieval world :

Answer 6

knowledge comes from the church (faith) and Ancient Greek thought (reason)

Question 7

What is Deism? What do they believe?

Answer 7

“religion of science”

• there is a God
• God created the world
• God made the natural laws
• He’s done (his job is complete)
• no miracles, prayer, or churches
• follow God by learning the natural laws

Question 8

The Enlightenment?

Answer 8

The Age of Reason

eliminate. ..
- crime, poverty, warfare, corruption

middle class was highly taxed, educated, and read the enlightenment

Question 9

Who criticized the Old Regime?

Answer 9

5-8 % Kings, Nobles, Clergy
10 % Middle Class
80 % Peasants, Serfs

Question 10

What does Science Revises the Heavens mean?

Answer 10

all has to do with science.
God & religion becomes less real/ important
The Heavens = space

Question 11

Copernicus?

Answer 11

wrote the Revolution of Heavenly Bodies - proved Ptolemy wrong with the Heliocentric Theory (sun center of universe and planets are in orbit)

Question 12

Tartagila?

Answer 12

air resistance effected flight/curve of cannon balls

Question 13

Benedetti?

Answer 13

• surface area
• circular motion became straight like motion
  heavenly motion : circular
  earthly motion : straight line curve

Question 14

Brahe?

Answer 14

comet in oval path - proved Aristotle wrong

many new stars in the sky

Question 15

Galileo?

Answer 15

law that all falling objects : everything accelerated at the same rate
The Starry Messenger
telescope - went against RCC

Question 16

Kepler?

Answer 16

all planets circled at different speeds

measurement of wine barrels

Question 17

Descartes?

Answer 17

Discourse on Method

math to describe motion - Analytic Geometry

Question 18

Newton?

Answer 18

pull of Earth on moon : gravity

universe ruled by Math

Question 19

Mozart?

Answer 19

wealthy talented piano player

must was popular to the rich government & church

Question 20

what were the 2 causes of the English Civil War from 1641-1660?

Answer 20

1. King Charles I claimed to be a divine right (right to rule from God) and an absolute monarch (complete control)
2. Persecution of Puritans/Calvinists because of their strict rel.

Question 21

Who was the English War fought between? Who were there leaders?

Answer 21

THE ROYALISTS led by King Charles I .vs. THE ROUNDHEADS led by Oliver Cromwell

Question 22

The Roundheads? What happened when they won the war?

Answer 22

Puritans and Parliament

they won the war and executed King Charles I

Question 23

Hobbes view on the State of Nature? Who supported Hobbes?

Answer 23

in the state of nature:
man is born bad bc of original sin (all men are stupid and worthless) violence
his solution :
man gives up all rights to a ruler who will keep the peace/order (no rights were kept had to do what gov said)
supported by :
Royalists and Gov. Leaders

Question 24

Locke view on State of Nature? Who supported his idea?

Answer 24

in the state of nature :
born with a blank slate, man neither good or bad. life wasn’t perfect.
solution :
man gives up some rights & in return gov. protects their life, liberty and property. if not, citizens have a right to rebel.
supporters :
Parliament, majority of citizens

Question 25

Leviathan?

Answer 25

(Hooke) the mortal God who provided peace made up of people

Question 26

Natural Rights?

The State of Nature?

Answer 26

Natural Rights : (Locke) life, liberty and property given by God

State of Nature : life before government

Question 27

Bacon?

Answer 27

developed the Scientific Method

Question 28

Vesalius?

Answer 28

anatomy (dissected human corpses)

Question 29

Van Leeuwenhoek?

Answer 29

father of microbiology
first to study bacteria
improved microscope

Question 30

Lavoisier?

Answer 30

chemistry

oxygen

Question 31

Smith?

Answer 31

economy : free market system
LAISSEZ FAIRE - gov shouldn’t have anything to do with business
the invisible hand - natural law

Question 32

Montesquieu?

Answer 32

3 part government
eliminated feudalism
checks and balances

Question 33

Hooke?

Answer 33

microscope with screws

discovered the cell

Question 34

Voltaire?

Answer 34

social reform

freedom of religion - attacked Catholic Church

Question 35

Beccaria?

Answer 35

On Crimes and Punishment

promoted criminal justice - no death penalty

Question 36

Wollstonecraft?

Answer 36

Rights of Women
supported women rights
fought for women education

Question 37

Paine?

Answer 37

“Common Sense”
independence from evil England
democratic government

Question 38

Diderot?

Answer 38

encyclopedia - ideas of enlightenment in one place

Question 39

Rousseau?

Answer 39

gov should think of greater good & not individual

education of children - nature not books

Question 40

Von Leibniz?

Answer 40

developed calculus at same time as Newton

Question 41

Rulers of the Enlightenment?

Answer 41

Joseph III of Austria
Catherine the Great
Frederick the Great