Scientific Rev + Enlightenment Flashcards
Voltaire’s beliefs
Fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech.
“I do not agree with a word you say but I will fight to the death for your right to say it”
What did Voltaire write?
“Candide”
Laws that govern human nature
Natural Laws
Philosophes were
“Lovers of Wisdom”
French thinkers who believed that the use of reason could lead to reforms of government and society.
John Locke’s beliefs
believed that people were naturally reasonable and good
Holds the keys to unLOCKE out accounts of life, liberty, and property.
What did John Locke write?
“Two Treaties of Government”
What were Jean-Jucques Rousseau’s beliefs?
did not believe that society could improve, but natural innocence could prevail.
believed that civilization corrupted people’s natural goodness.
argued that the only good government was one formed by the general will of society.
describe Thomas Hobbes and his beliefs.
A pessimistic man, who believed humans were naturally greedy and wicked
Believe in absolute monarchy was the best government was to impose order and demand obedience
what did Thomas Hobbes write?
“Leviathan” (1651)
describe Adam Smith’s contibutions
Made “Laissez Faire” a common phrase describing capitalism.
designed modern capitalism
What did Adam Smith write?
“Wealth of nations”
describe Dennis Diderot
French philosopher who is leading a figure of the enlightenment in France
what did Dennis Diderot write?
“Encyclopedia”
Mary Wollstonecraft
enlightenment feminist - argued political rights should be extended to women
Social contract
agreement by which society gave up the state of nature for an organized society
an idea originally put forth by Hobbes
Baron de Montesque’s believed in:
separation of powers into three branches of government
loved to travel and study world governments
What did Baron de Montesque write?
“The Spirit of Laws”
what was Aristotle‘s greatest contribution to science?
“People should observe the world carefully and draw logical conclusions about what they see“
What two developments in Europe helped bring about the study of science and helped the scientific revolution to gain popularity?
Humanism and alchemy
What was the significance to the Europeans of Ptolomy’s map being incorrect?
they began to question other Greek authoritarians
What was Copernicus’s contribution to our study of the scientific revolution?
he discovered that the sun was his universe is central figure, not earth – Heliocentralism
What was Brahes main contribution to modern science?
he showed how beneficial detailed notes are
What was Galileo’s contribution in modern science?
he was the first scientist to attempt, continuous detail trials, or experiments.
he also discovered that the sun is the center of the universe.
Which two scientists in the scientific revolution discovered that the sun was the center of the universe? How does this threaten the views of the church?
Christian teaching say that the heavens are fixed on earth and everything revolves around earth.
what was newtons contribution to modern science?
he invented calculus.
how did bacon and Descartes each approach the new scientific method of thinking?
Bacon and Descartes wanted a systematic and clear method of thinking – scientific method.
