Scientific Rev + Enlightenment

Question 1

Voltaire’s beliefs

Answer 1

Fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech.

“I do not agree with a word you say but I will fight to the death for your right to say it”

Question 2

What did Voltaire write?

Answer 2

“Candide”

Question 3

Laws that govern human nature

Answer 3

Natural Laws

Question 4

Philosophes were

Answer 4

“Lovers of Wisdom”

French thinkers who believed that the use of reason could lead to reforms of government and society.

Question 5

John Locke’s beliefs

Answer 5

believed that people were naturally reasonable and good

Holds the keys to unLOCKE out accounts of life, liberty, and property.

Question 6

What did John Locke write?

Answer 6

“Two Treaties of Government”

Question 7

What were Jean-Jucques Rousseau’s beliefs?

Answer 7

did not believe that society could improve, but natural innocence could prevail.

believed that civilization corrupted people’s natural goodness.

argued that the only good government was one formed by the general will of society.

Question 8

describe Thomas Hobbes and his beliefs.

Answer 8

A pessimistic man, who believed humans were naturally greedy and wicked

Believe in absolute monarchy was the best government was to impose order and demand obedience

Question 9

what did Thomas Hobbes write?

Answer 9

“Leviathan” (1651)

Question 10

describe Adam Smith’s contibutions

Answer 10

Made “Laissez Faire” a common phrase describing capitalism.

designed modern capitalism

Question 11

What did Adam Smith write?

Answer 11

“Wealth of nations”

Question 12

describe Dennis Diderot

Answer 12

French philosopher who is leading a figure of the enlightenment in France

Question 14

what did Dennis Diderot write?

Answer 14

“Encyclopedia”

Question 15

Mary Wollstonecraft

Answer 15

enlightenment feminist - argued political rights should be extended to women

Question 16

Social contract

Answer 16

agreement by which society gave up the state of nature for an organized society

an idea originally put forth by Hobbes

Question 17

Baron de Montesque’s believed in:

Answer 17

separation of powers into three branches of government

loved to travel and study world governments

Question 18

What did Baron de Montesque write?

Answer 18

“The Spirit of Laws”

Question 19

what was Aristotle‘s greatest contribution to science?

Answer 19

“People should observe the world carefully and draw logical conclusions about what they see“

Question 20

What two developments in Europe helped bring about the study of science and helped the scientific revolution to gain popularity?

Answer 20

Humanism and alchemy

Question 21

What was the significance to the Europeans of Ptolomy’s map being incorrect?

Answer 21

they began to question other Greek authoritarians

Question 22

What was Copernicus’s contribution to our study of the scientific revolution?

Answer 22

he discovered that the sun was his universe is central figure, not earth – Heliocentralism

Question 23

What was Brahes main contribution to modern science?

Answer 23

he showed how beneficial detailed notes are

Question 24

What was Galileo’s contribution in modern science?

Answer 24

he was the first scientist to attempt, continuous detail trials, or experiments.

he also discovered that the sun is the center of the universe.

Question 25

Which two scientists in the scientific revolution discovered that the sun was the center of the universe? How does this threaten the views of the church?

Answer 25

Christian teaching say that the heavens are fixed on earth and everything revolves around earth.

Question 26

what was newtons contribution to modern science?

Answer 26

he invented calculus.

Question 27

how did bacon and Descartes each approach the new scientific method of thinking?

Answer 27

Bacon and Descartes wanted a systematic and clear method of thinking – scientific method.