Governments + Economies Flashcards
What is a Government?
the governing body of a nation, state, or community.
Etymology of Government
Latin - gubernare - to direct or rule
What is an Autocracy?
a system of government by one person with absolute power.
Etymology of Autocracy
Greek - autokrateia - ruling by oneself
Who’s in charge of an Autocracy?
one person (king, queen, czar, sultan, etc.) - autocrat
How does someone gain authority in an autocracy?
by any means necessary (force, weath, birthright, etc.).
What is a Dictatorship?
a system of government where a ruler possesses total power over a country, typically a country obtained by force.
Etymology of Dictatorship
Latin - dictator; dictate = - a sense of command
Who is in charge in a dictatorship?
one person - dictator - often with support of a military, education and media is controlled by government.
How does someone gain authority in a dictatorship?
leader of the one (and only) political party - no elections - dictator has full control.
What is an Oligarchy?
a system of government a small group of wealthy or socially prominent citizens control the government.
Etymology of Oligarchy
Greek - oligos - little, few
Who is in charge in an Oligarchy?
A small group of people who claim to be powerful based on family ties, wealth, ifluence, social rank, or abilities.
How does someone gain authority in an Oligarchy?
By social influence/power.
What is a Monarchy?
a system of government in which a King or Queen exercises central power.
Etymology of Monarchy
Greek - mono - one
Greek - archon - ruler
How is authority determined in a Monarchy?
Bloodline
Family Ties
Birthright
Who is in charge in a Monarchy?
a King or a Queen
king
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L__L_L_L_______ other people or power
What is a Parliamentary Monarchy?
a Monarchy led by representitives of the people.
Who is in charge of a Parliamentary Monarchy?
Prime miniseter - who is elected by representatives - who are eleced by the people.
How does someone gain authority in a Parliamentary Monarchy?
members in the majority of a political party will vote.
What is a Constitutional Monarchy?
a monarchy that limits the power of the monarch through a constitution.
Who is in charge of a Constitutional Monarchy?
King/Queen AND Constitution
How does someone gain authority in an Constitutional Monarchy?
Bloodline
+ the writers of the constitution
What is an Anarchy?
A state of disorder and lack of government control - absence or lack of recognition of authority.
Who is in charge in an anarchy?
no one
What is a Totalitarian Government?
A government where only one party dictator regulates every aspect of society.
Etymology of Totalitarian
Italian - totalitario - complete, absolute
Who is in charge in a Totalitarian Government?
dictorial party
How does someone gain authority in a Totalitarian Government?
force or threat of force.
What is a Democracy?
a system of government which lets the people have the power.
Etymology of Democracy
Greek - democ - common people
Who is in charge in a Democracy?
the people
How does someone gain authority in a Democracy?
the people elect a representative
What is a Direct Democracy?
a democracy where everyone individually votes about everything.
What is a Representative Democracy?
people elect representatives to make the country’s desicions.
Who is in charge in a Direct Democracy?
the people
Who is in charge in a Representative Democracy?
the people
How is authority determined in a Representative Democracy?
voting
How is authority determined in a Direct Democracy?
voting
What is a republic democracy?
a democracy led by representatives
Etymology of Republic
Latin - republic - public thing
Who is in charge in a republic democracy?
representatives
How is authority determined in a republic democracy?
voting appointment
What is a federal Democracy?
Division of powers - federal, state, local
Who is in charge of a Federation?
Federal <- State <- Local
How is authority determined in a Federation?
Voting/Appointment
What is a Theocracy?
A government ruled by religious leaders or a religious text.
Etymology of Theocracy
Greek - theokritea - interpretation of religion.
leaders of theocracy
religious interpretators or religious text
How is authority determined in a theocracy?
interpretation of the text
What is a fascism?
any centralized government system. non-communistic - policies glorify the state over individual human rights.
Who leads a fascist government?
Just some political leader
How is authority determined in a fascism.`
intimidation, threat of force
What is an Economy?
A system that provides goods and services that can be sold. NOT A GOVERNMENT, but closely associated to certain types of governments.
Capitalism
freedom to buy, sell goods and services. Government takes a LAISSEZ–FAIRE approach
Who controls a capitalistic economy?
the market and its powerful businesses.
Term associated with Capitalism
Term associated with Communism
Term associated with Socialism
Cap: Free Economy
Com: Command Economy
Soc: Mixed Economy
Communism
The government dicates hwo the economy is run. But provides and eduacation and healthcare.
Who controls a Communistic economy?
the government or community
Laissez-Faire
Policy allowing businesses to operate with little to no government interference.
Etymology of Laissez-Faire
French - Laissez-Faire - allowing to act or let it be
Socialism
Government owns the larger industries, provides healthcare, education, and welfare.
Who controls a Socialistic economy?
Government and Society
