Scientific method/Chemistry Flashcards
Title
describe the experiment in 10 words or less. Effect of IV on DV
Abstract
Brief summary of what the experiment included including the results and conclusions AND how it can relate to real lift
Introduction
Shows your knowledge of the topic
Research from other related experiments used.
Show links of importance to society
Hypothesis
Educated guess of what will happen. Do not use “i” or “think”. Basically different wording of aim…
If the independent variable…, then the dependent variable…
Aim
What you are trying to find out.
To investigate…
To determibe…
Materials
list format of everything needed- be specific
Variables
Independent, dependent, control (min 5)
Method
List all steps, be specific
Diagram
simple but detail
Results
clearly presented in a graph or table
Conclusion
State the results- min and max values, any outliers.
Rephrase aim/hypothesis:
when the IV did this, the DV did this
Discussion
State whether the results supported hypothesis, explain reason for results, say any other experiments that can follow through
Evaluation
State ways experiment can be improved and comment on reliability/validity
Validity: at least 4 control variables to be altered
Reliability: repeat experiment for more results to decrease the effect of outliers
Referances
ye
Order of all in investigation
Title, abstract, introduction, aim, hypothesis, variables, materials, method, diagram, results/table, conclusion, discussion, evaluation, referances
How to make experiment more valid
Valid = variables
test the right variables and keep all variables the same (controlling them)
How to make an experiment more reliable
Increase the amount of tests to get a better average and reduce the effect of outliers
5 ways to change reaction rate
temperature, surface area, catalyst, agitation, concentration of reactants
Temperature
A higher temperature means the particles will move faster so are more likely to collide. They also have more energy so they will collide with more force resulting in more chance of a successful collision.
Surface area
A higher surface area means more particles are exposed and available for collision. (Same proportion of collisions will be successful but greater rate of collisions means greater rate of successful collisions
Agitation
As a reaction occurs, products may build up around the reactants so by agitation such as stirring, it allows more of the reactants to become exposed resulting in greater frequency of collisions.
Concentration of reactants
Higher number of particles results in a higher number of collisions
Catalyst
A substance that speeds up a reaction without getting used up. * provides and alternate pathway for the reaction to take place which reduces the amount of energy needed for a reaction to take place and makes it easier for reactants to bond together.
examples include nickel for the hydrogenation of palm oil and iron for manufacturing ammonia
