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Science 2022 > Human Terms > Flashcards

Human Terms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the nervous system

A

It detects and processes changes in the environment and responds to stimuli in the environment.
Therefore, it is responsible for communicating between different parts of the body

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2
Q

Centeral Nervous System

A

It is made up of the brain and spinal chord
These receive information from around the body and send out signals, telling the body how to react. They interpret and respond to information

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3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Connects the CNS to receptors, muscles and glands which take information to and from central nervous system and the body

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4
Q

Somatic

A

Voluntary muscle movement/conscious muscle movement

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5
Q

afferent

A

sensory, transmits messages TO CNS

affected by environment

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6
Q

Efferent

A

Motor, carries messages AWAY from the CNS

EFFECTS the environment

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7
Q

Autonomic and examples

A

Carries messages involuntary to muscles and glands

e.g. heart beating, digestion, regulating blood pressure, glucose level,

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8
Q

Sympathetic

A

Fight or flight when needing to respond to stressful or deadly situations

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9
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Controls bodys functions ot rest and relax

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10
Q

Neurons

A

Cells that make up the nervous system, they are INFORMATION CARRIERS

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11
Q

Classifying Neurons by Function : name the 3 ways

A

Afferent (sensory) - carry messages from receptors to cns
Efferent (motor) - carry messages away from cns to effectors being muscles and glands
Interneuron - located in CNS and link between sensory and motor neurons

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12
Q

Classifying Neurons by no. of processes

A

multipolar: 3+ processes , 2+ dendrites and 1 axon - motor neuron
bi-polar: 1 dendrite and 1 axon - nose, eyes, ears
uni-polar: fused dendrite and axon - sensory neuron
anaxonic: multiple processes where dendrites and axon are NOT obvious

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13
Q

Dendrite

A

Receives messages from post synaptic neurons

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14
Q

Axon

A

Conducts impulse towards the axon terminal

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15
Q

Axon terminal

A

Transmits impulses across synaptic gap to a post synaptic neuron

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16
Q

Myelin Sheath/ Schwann cell

A

Insulating layer made of proteins which helps signal travel quicker

17
Q

Cell Body/Soma

A

Contains specialised structures to maintain cell

18
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains DNA, controls and regulates the cell

19
Q

Synapse

A

Gap between neurons

20
Q

neurotransmitters

A

A chemical that carries messages across the synapses

21
Q

Myelin

A

Insulating layer that forms around nerves, made of proteins which protects the axon and helps the signal to run faster.

22
Q

white matter

A

myelinated cells

23
Q

grey matter

A

cell bodies and dendrites, non myelinated

24
Q

Name the four lobes of the brain and their functions

A

Frontal lobe - high order thinking, personality, emotions, motor control
Parietal lobe - Senses, touch perception, body orientation
Occipital lobe - sight, visual reception and interpretation
Temporal Lobe - Hearing, language learning memory

25
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest component, is split into lobes with different functions

26
Q

Cerebellum

A

Controls balance, posture and movement

27
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

It is the division between the right and left hemispheres of the brain

28
Q

Mundella oblongata

A

Assists with breathing and circulation and other involuntary actions

29
Q

Pons

A

Assists with respiration, sleeping and motor control

30
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Controls endocrine system

31
Q

Hypothalamus

A

links nervous system to endocrine system

32
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay station for senses

33
Q

mengies, and three layers of them

A

They are the layers that protect and cushion the brain. They also allow vital fluids to be transported around.

Dura Mater: made of tissue that is durable and assists with blood flow to the brain.
Arachnoid Mater: Made of fibers and collagen and has a spider web like appearance. Filled with cerebrospinal fluid which cushions the brain
Pia Mater: Follows the contour of the brain and provides additional layer of support. Assists in production and transportation of CSF

34
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid

A

A clear substance which is produced in spaces of the brain called vesicles. It helps cushion the brain and takes nutrients to the brain and spinal cord and removes waste and toxins from the system.

Science 2022 (4 decks)

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