SCIENTIFIC METHOD Flashcards
Consequence-based approach
Aims to maximise positive outcomes whilst minimising negative outcomes, achieving the greatest good for the greatest number of stakeholders. Focuses on end result
Rule-based approach
Focuses on the mean above the end result. Expects a decision maker to follow a rule of procedure without questioning it
Virtues-based approach
Promotes decision-making based on a moral compass. People are expected to act in a way that is good, kind and honest
Integrity
Intentionally consistent, honest and having strong moral principles. Commitment to the truth
Justice
Doing what is morally right and fair, and treating people in a way that is deserved and approapriate in circumstances
Beneficent
Generous or doing good, maximising the benefits for others
Non-maleficence
Minimising harm and destruction, even if you have to restirct people’s freedoms
Respect
Upholding the vales of others including their welfare, beliefs, freedoms and autonomy. Promotes the freedom of others to make decisions for themselves and their protection
Precision
How similar the results are to each other
Accuracy
How close the results are to the truth
Reliability
How much you can trust that the results will be the same as the previous results
What are random errors caused by?
Uncontrolled extraneous variable (decrease precision)
What are systematic errors caused by?
Faulty equiptment (decrease accuracy)
Stratified sampling
Dividing a subject into natural non-overlapping strata and taking representative number of samples from each group`
