SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Flashcards
observe
to use one or more of your senses to gather information
Measure
to gather data using a tool
sample
to use a proportion that is being represented
organise
tables
hypothesis
testable prediction
predict
state or make known advance
experiment
a way to test the validity of a hypothesis
analysis
data to study trends in a graph regrading relationships
model
construct
communtication
share results
qualitative
words eg. colour
quantitate
numbers eg. measure
control group
group that serves the standards
experimental group
has manipulated variable
data
information
manipulated variable
the factor that is changed in the experimental group to make it different from the control
responding variable
the factor that is watched for during a controlled experiment
controlled experiment
a manipulataive experiment that compares 2 or more groups to test a hypothesis
observational study
a study in which the researcher carefully and systematically observes and records behavior without interfering with the behavior; it may involve either naturalistic or laboratory observation
epidemiological study
a study that involves large-scale comparisons among groups of people, usually contrasting a group known to have been exposed to some toxicant and a group that has not
independent variable
experimental variable
dependent variable
responding variable
Participants’ Rights
Ensuring that no psychological or physical harm is caused to the research participants and the researcher must also respect the participants’ rights as individuals.
Confidentiality
Participants have a right to privacy, so all details of their involvement in the study cannot be revealed in a manner that enables the individuals to be identified.
Voluntary Participation
The researcher must try to ensure that participants’ involvement in the research is voluntary. Participants must not be placed under any pressure to take part in the study.
Informed Consent
Participants must be appropriately informed of the nature and purpose of the investigation. Such informed consent must be documented and a consent form signed by the participant which is required before the experiment.
Withdrawal Rights
Withdrawal Rights
A participant must be permitted to withdraw from a study at any time, without giving a reason, should they wish to do so.
Deception in Research
Sometimes if the participants are told too much information about a study may influence their behaviour during the research and affect the accuracy of the results. When the researcher does not fully inform the participants of the study, they must ensure that the participants are not under too much distress from the procedure.
Debriefing
The researcher must provide an opportunity for participants to obtain appropriate information about the nature, results and conclusions of the research. Participants must be informed of the purpose of the investigation at the conclusion of the research. The researcher must correct any mistaken attitudes or beliefs that participants may have about the research.
Beneficence
The benefits of the study must outweigh the harm.
Limitation of experiment
- time (length of experiment)
- sample/population size (may/may not represent whole population)
Money
How to make fair test?
- same amount liquid etc
- environment
- same pop. size
- same people if possible
Graphing
- Independent x-axis (bottom)
- dependent y-axis (side)
- title
- labels
Controlled vs. experimental
The difference between a control group and an experimental group is one group is exposed to the conditions of the experiment and the other is not.
