scientific contributions

Question 1

before science (before 15th to 18th century)

Answer 1

religious explanations

Question 2

creationism

Answer 2

most europeans accepted the idea that earth and all living things had been created in their present forms and could not change and had not changed

Question 3

Fossil record provides..

Answer 3

evidence for evolution

something provides evidence for evolution when it demonstrates a change in characteristics from an ancestral form

Question 3

Buffon(1707-1788)

Answer 3

first to challenge the idea that life forms are created once and don’t change

curious about useless feature in mammals (toes on pigs)

considered features as strong evidence that species change over time

Question 4

Curvier (1769-1832)

Answer 4

started the science of paleontology

Question 5

curvier fossil observation

Answer 5

simple organisms are found in all depths

shallower depths (younger rocks) have more complex organisms and ones that resemble living species

rock layers contain fossils of many species that do not occur in layers above or below them

Question 6

curvier theories

Answer 6

catastrophism- pattern of fossils could be accounted for by a series of catastrophes that wiped out most species, area is then repopulation by species fro nearby unaffected areas

Question 7

is catastrophism accurate?

Answer 7

its a flawed theory, species can be replaced by other ones from another area, but can also change over time

Question 8

Lyell (1797-1875)

Answer 8

uniformitarianism- geological processs operate at the same rates in the past as they do today

slow subtle processes happen over a long period of time and result in substantial change (formation of mountains)

Question 9

Lamarck- first principle

Answer 9

use and disuse
structures an individuals used become larger and stronger

structures an individual does not user become smaller and weaker

(athletes training)

Question 10

Lamarck- second principle

Answer 10

inheritance of acquired characteristics

individuals pass on characteristics get acquire through use during their lifetime to their offspring

(ex: adult giraffe stretched its neck during life time- offspring have longer necks)

Question 11

why is lamarcks second principle flawed?

Answer 11

organisms can acquire characteristics within their lives, but this does not change their DNA

Question 12

Charles Darwin (1809-1882) observations

Answer 12

organisms from different regions look different

living and fossilized organisms that look similar are found in the same region

all the Galapagos islands had finch species that with different beak shapes, each adapted to the food source of each island

Question 13

Theory of evolution by natural selection

Answer 13

natural selection is the mechanism for how new species arise from ancestral species in response to the local environment