evidence for evolution

Question 1

fossil

Answer 1

any ancient remains, impressions, or traces of an organism or traces of its activity that have been preserved in rocks or other mineral deposits in Earth’s crust

Question 2

traces provide..

Answer 2

indirect evidence of ancestral forms

Question 3

fossils can be dated by..

Answer 3

determining the age of the rock layer (strata in which the fossil is found)

Question 4

sedimentary rock layers develop…

Answer 4

in a chronological order (bottom old, top young)

Question 5

different kinds of organisms are found in what order?

Answer 5

consistent order

Question 6

prokaryotes then…

Answer 6

eukaryotes

Question 7

invertebrates then…

Answer 7

vertebrates

Question 7

ferns then…

Answer 7

flowering plants

Question 8

what do transitional fossils demonstrate?

Answer 8

the intermediary forms that occurred over the evolutionary pathway taken by a single genus

Question 9

what do transitional fossils establish?

Answer 9

links between species by exhibiting traits common to both an ancestor and its predicted descendents.

Ex: Archaeopteryx (feathers like birds, teeth, claws, bony tail like reptiles)

Question 10

Biogeography

Answer 10

the study of the past and present geographical distribution of organisms

Question 11

island animals resemble closet continents animals suggesting?

Answer 11

migration
Ex: canary island lizards resemble those in west Africa

Question 12

geographically close environments are more likely…

Answer 12

to be populated by related species than geographically separate but environmentally similar ones

ex: cacti in American deserts but not African deserts

Question 13

Plate techtonics

Answer 13

scientific theory that describes the large scale movements and features of the Earth’s crust

Question 14

fossils of the same species can be found…

Answer 14

on the coastline of neighbouring continents…
Ex: retile Cynognathus fossils found in Africa and South America

Question 15

homologous structures

Answer 15

structures that have similar structural elements and origins but may have a different function

Ex: vertebrates have the same basic arrangement of bones but bones have different uses

Question 16

analogous structures

Answer 16

structures that generally don’t have similar structural elements and origins but have the same function

Ex: bird and insect wings

Question 17

vestigial structure-

Answer 17

rudimentary and non-functioning, or only marginally functioning, structure that is homologous to a fully functioning structure in a closely related species

Ex: Large whales have vestigial hip bones

Question 17

embryology

Answer 17

closely related species share homologous developmental processes and patterns

in early developmental stages, the embryo of all vertebrates possess a short bony tail; ex: fish, salamander, tortoise

Question 18

DNA

Answer 18

the more similar the gene sequence, the more closely related species are

Question 19

similar patterns in DNA are inherited from…

Answer 19

common ancestor

Ex: chimpanzees and humans share 95% of DNA

Preserved soft tissue from T.rex indicates they are related to present day chicken

Question 20

example of comparative anatomy

Answer 20

vertebrates have the same basic arrangement of bones but the bones have different uses (pentadactyl limb)

Question 21

example of analogous structures

Answer 21

birds and insect wings

Question 22

example of vestigial structure

Answer 22

large whales have vestigial hip bones

Question 23

in early developmental stages, all embryos have…

Answer 23

short bony tail (ex, fish salamander, tortoise, chick, rabbit, human)