scienece Flashcards
independent variable is..
The variable that is deliberately changed at the START of an
experiment
dependent variable is..
the one you measure.
The factor that is observed to change by the END of the
experiment; it is thought to change due to the independent
variable
controlled variable is..
the one you keep the same
A variable that is deliberately kept the same DURING an
experiment
how do you start your aim
to investigate
hypothesis..
your prediction. If…then…
A proposed explanation for a set of observations based on
reason that is being tested in an experiment
equipment..
list, drawings
method
variables in experiment (indepndent controlled, dependent)
list the procedure
results:
table, graph, explain trend, reliable, valid, accurate, errors, improvements.
tgetrvaei
conclusion:
link to your hypothesis
reliable…
repetition, small range
accuracy..
avergae results, removed anomalies, few errors in practise
valid..
fair test,
independent variable,
realistic,
have your variable been measured correctly
parrallax errror:
not reading at eye level
human relfex error:
delayed response
zero error:
dont zero the scale before
qualitative
words
quantitative
numbers
Biology
The study of living things
Astronomy
The study of objects outside the Earth’s atmosphere
Chemistry
The study of substances and how they change
Ecology
The study of the community of living things in an environment,
and their interactions
Geology
The study of the physical structure and substance of the Earth
Physics
The study of forces and energy
Psychology
The study of human behaviour
what is fair test
An experiment where only ONE independent variable is
changed at the start, and all other variables are controlled; the
dependent variable, therefore, changes because of the
independent variable.
variable
Any factor that can be changed in an experiment
steps of writing
aim, hypothesis, equipment, method, results discussion
when a solid turns into a gas it is
sublimation
when a gas turns into a liqud it is
condensating
when a gas turns into a solid it is
deposistion
liqud to gas
evaporation
diffusion is
the movement of particles from high to low concentration until they are spread out evenly
cohesion is
the attractive forces between particles in a substance
Oh ooh woah wo oh yeah eaeaaaeeey
jess is cool
solution is
a mixture where one substance desolves into another
stuff that desolves is
the solvent
dilute solution
not enought milo
concentrated solution
perfect amount of milo
saturated solution
too much milo
colliod
where an insoluble mixture dosent settle nor float but stays spread out in the liqud
if the solid all together seprates from the liqud it is
suspension
density(kg m3 ⁄ ) =
mass (kg) divided by
volume (m3)
mass = volume × density
volume =
mass divided by
density
compound
a substance made from two or more different elements that have been chemically joined.
heterogeneous
a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture. ( dose not mix )
homogeneous
opposite of heterogeneous
nucleus
controls what happens in the cell. Contains DNA
cell membrane
surrounds the cell and allows nutrients to enter and waste products to leave
cytoplasm
a jelly like substance whish the nuclear recation takes place
mitochondria
the power house of the cell ( makes energy )
cell wall
outer structure of plant cells and gives it structure
vacuole
storage organ in plants thats contain saps ( water, sugars, fruits )
chloroplast
contains chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis in plants
ribosome
produces protein
cellular respiration made out of
glucose + oxygen + water + carbon dioxide + energy
what is photosynthesis
the process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally generates oxygen as a by-product.
cells with higher demand for energy will have more mitochondria e.g muscle cellss
for photosynthesis plants make excess glucose during the day and store it as starch in their roots
at night when glucose runs out they convert starch back into glucose to use for cellular respiration
plants:
make their own food, chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis
animals:
get glucose from the food they eat, the glucose diffuses into our blood where it gets transported to all the cells that need it
carbon dioxide ( plants and animals )
animals want to get rid of it plants use it for photosynthesis
water ( plants and animals )
plants use it for photosynthesis, used in all cells, moisten tissues in eyes, nose and mouth
sperm cell:
designed to fertilize eggs, it i round with tail to swim, in male body, contations enzymes which allow it to digest into egg cell and join with it
egg cell:
produces off spring, found in ovaries, contaions yolk which provides portien for the new cell being formed
palisade cell
it stops water getting out of plant and organisms getting in, packed with chloroplasts to help make photosynthesis
ciliated cell
designed to stop inhaled pathogens, they line up all their air passages in the lungs, have tiny hairs called cilia, hairs sweep dust and bacteria bavlk up the throat
root hair cell:
allows plant to absorb more water, thin cell wall makes it easy for water to pass through
nerve cell:
they are long, they have dendrite at each end, carries messages through body, their job is to carry nerve movement to different parts of the body
red blood cell:
designed to carry oxyegn, found in blood, large surface area for oxygen to pass through, contains haemoglobin, which joins with oxygen, has no nuclear
